Effects of post-abortion family planning services on contraceptive practices in China : protocol for a clustered randomized controlled trial

Study objectives: To determine whether integrating post-abortion services in hospital settings in China will increase the contraceptive use and decrease repeat abortion rates. Study design: Three-arms cluster randomised controlled trial in which the unit of randomisation is hospital. Participants: Women seeking induced abortion within 12 weeks of gestation age. Sites: Ninety hospitals from 30 provinces in China will be randomised to the three arms of the study stratified by province. In each province, eligible hospitals will be matched on the characteristics of abortion departments, especially the volume of abortions in the 2 months in the situation survey. Length of follow up: Six months. Intervention: Multiple interventions that aim to increase the use of more effective contraceptive methods, improve user adherence to reduce the unintended pregnancies and repeat induced abortions. Data collection: Data will be collected at four time points, one at baseline(month 0 at the time of enrolment) and twice during intervention (1st 3rd and 6th month after enrolment, respectively). Primary outcome: Unintended pregnancies or repeated induced abortions; immediate contraceptive uptake and the use of modern effective contraceptive methods

N-(2,3,4-Trifluoro­phen­yl)morpholine-4-carboxamide

In title mol­ecule, C11H11F3N2O2, the central –N—C(=O)—N– unit is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.013 (2) Å] and forms a dihedral angle of 57.33 (9)° with the benzene ring. The morpholine ring is in a chair conformation. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains along [001] by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

L-CAD: Language-based Colorization with Any-level Descriptions using Diffusion Priors

Language-based colorization produces plausible and visually pleasing colors under the guidance of user-friendly natural language descriptions. Previous methods implicitly assume that users provide comprehensive color descriptions for most of the objects in the image, which leads to suboptimal performance. In this paper, we propose a unified model to perform language-based colorization with any-level descriptions. We leverage the pretrained cross-modality generative model for its robust language understanding and rich color priors to handle the inherent ambiguity of any-level descriptions. We further design modules to align with input conditions to preserve local spatial structures and prevent the ghosting effect. With the proposed novel sampling strategy, our model achieves instance-aware colorization in diverse and complex scenarios. Extensive experimental results demonstrate our advantages of effectively handling any-level descriptions and outperforming both language-based and automatic colorization methods. The code and pretrained models are available at: https://github.com/changzheng123/L-CAD

N-(2,3,4-Trifluoro­phen­yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

In the title compound, C11H11F3N2O, a urea derivative, the best plane through the pyrrole ring makes a dihedral angle of 9.69 (13)° with the benzene ring. The amino H atom is shielded, so that it is not involved in any hydrogen-bonding inter­actions

Induced abortion in 30 Chinese provinces in 2013: a cross-sectional survey

Background: Galloping economic growth and reform in China in the past 30 years has led to dramatic social changes. Attitudes towards sex and sexual behaviour have changed, and premarital sex has become more acceptable. The methods of contraception have changed, and the use of highly effective or long-acting contraceptive methods tends to be decreasing, especially in urban areas. Abortion is commonly used to end unintended pregnancy. The aim of this study was to survey the current situation of induced abortions in selected hospitals in 30 provinces in China. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 295 randomly selected hospitals in 30 Chinese provinces between April and August, 2013. We collected data using a questionnaire filled by the abortion service providers for all women seeking abortion within 12 weeks of pregnancy during a period of two months. The information included self-reported demographic and economic characteristics, history of induced abortion, and use of contraception. The characteristics of women were summarised with counts (percentages) for categorical variables; mean (SD) and range for age of women. All participants signed a written informed consent of which they received a copy. Ethics approvals were obtained from both ethics committees of the National Research Institution for Family Planning (NRIFP), China, and of the Ghent University, Belgium. Findings: 79 174 women participated in the study (mean age 28∙9 years (SD 1∙7; range 13–58), of whom 27 134 (35%) were undergoing a first induced abortion, 28 637 (37%) a second abortion, and 22 682 (29%) a third or subsequent abortion. About a third of participants (31%) were not married and more than half (61%) were not local residents. The primary reasons for the unintended pregnancy were contraception failure (50%) and non-use of contraception (44%). Interpretation: This is the first nationwide large-scale study in 30 provinces to show that repeated induced abortion is high in China. A family planning programme for young and unmarried people is urgently needed to improve their access to information, advice, and services about contraception and to reduce unintended pregnancies and repeated induced abortion. Funding: The European Commission (EC) under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), project number 282490

Numerical simulation method study of rock fracture based on strain energy density theory

Many numerical methods are carried out to study the nonlinear failure behaviors of the rock; however, the numerical simulation methods for the failed rock are still in the research stage. This paper establishes the damage constitutive equation by combining the bilinear strain softening constitutive model with energy dissipation principles, as well as the energy failure criterion of mesoscopic elements based on the strain energy density theory. When the strain energy stored by an element exceeds a fixed value, the element enters the damage state and the damage degree increases with increasing energy dissipation. Simultaneously, the material properties of the damaged element change until it becomes an element with certain residual strength. As the load increases, the damage degree of an element increases. When the strain energy stored by an element exceeds the established value of the energy criterion, the element is defined to be failed. As the number of failed elements constantly increases, failed elements interconnect and form macrocracks. The rock fracture calculation program on the basis of the preceding algorithm is successfully applied to the fracture simulation process in Brazilian splitting, tensile tests with build-in crack and tunnel excavation

RIS-Assisted Physical Layer Authentication for 6G Endogenous Security

The physical layer authentication (PLA) is a promising technology which can enhance the access security of a massive number of devices in the near future. In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted PLA system, in which the legitimate transmitter can customize the channel fingerprints during PLA by controlling the ON-OFF state of the RIS. Without loss of generality, we use the received signal strength (RSS) based spoofing detection approach to analyze the feasibility of the proposed architecture. Specifically, based on the RSS, we derive the statistical properties of PLA and give some interesting insights, which showcase that the RIS-assisted PLA is theoretically feasible. Then, we derive the optimal detection threshold to maximize the performance in the context of the presented performance metrics. Next, the actual feasibility of the proposed system is verified via proof-of-concept experiments on a RIS-assisted PLA prototype platform. The experiment results show that there are 3.5% and 76% performance improvements when the transmission sources are at different locations and at the same location, respectively