Geometry-dependent skin effect and anisotropic Bloch oscillations in a non-Hermitian optical lattice

The interplay between the non-Hermiticity and dimensionality gives rise to exotic characteristics in higher dimensions, with one representative phenomenon known as the geometry-dependent skin effect (GDSE), which refers to that the localization of extensive eigenstates depends on the system's geometry under open boundary conditions. In this paper, we demonstrate the emergence of GDSE in a two-dimensional $sp$ optical ladder lattice with on-site atom loss, which can be manifested by anisotropic dynamics of Bloch oscillations in the bulk of the system. By applying a static force in different directions, the wave-packet dynamics retrieve the complex energy spectra with either nonzero or zero spectral winding number, indicating the presence or absence of skin accumulation in the corresponding directions, respectively. Our results reveal that the GDSE has an intrinsic anisotropic bulk dynamics independent of boundary conditions, and offer its realization and detection in quantum systems.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figure

Robust global sliding model control for water-hull-propulsion unit interaction systems - part 2: model validation

Unexpected severe hull deformation caused by wave loads poses alignment problem to the propulsion shaft line in large scale ships, which would significantly influence the dynamical performance of the marine propulsion system. How to suppress negative disturbance imposed by the interaction between water-hull-propulsion and ensure the normal operation of the marine propulsion system is a challenging task. To address this issue, a new global sliding model control (GSMC) for marine water-hull-propulsion unit systems is proposed and investigated to obtain more accurate control performance in a series of researches. In Part 1 the GSMC controller has been developed and the bounded nonlinear model uncertainties have been derived based on the experiments and sea trial. In this work the upper boundary of 1,85 % was introduced into the GSMC controller to derive the total control law realising the robust control of the marine propulsion system. Numerical simulations based on the real bulk carrier parameters show a high effectiveness of the GSMC for speed tracking, compared with the traditional sliding model controller and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. By the proposed and investigated control system in this paper may be developed a simple practical-effective robust control strategy for marine propulsion systems subject to some complex unknown uncertainties through further investigations, validations and modification

Survey on the Overwintering of Syrphids in Changbai Mountains and Experiments on Artificial Protection of the Overwintering Syrphid Flies

Originating text in Chinese.Citation: Gao, Junfeng, Zhang, Guangxin, Qin, Yongchun, Yu, Kai, Li, Minghai, Qin, Yi. (1993). Survey on the Overwintering of Syrphids in Changbai Mountains and Experiments on Artificial Protection of the Overwintering Syrphid Flies. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 9(3), 142-144

PD-L1 Expression Is Associated With VEGFA and LADC Patients' Survival

Objectives: To elucidate the relationship between VEGFA and PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC).Methods: PD-L1 and VEGFA expression were determined by immunohistochemistry with H-score on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded resected LADC specimens of 129 cases.Results: High PD-L1 expression in 53 (41.1%) patients, high VEGFA expression in 65 (50.4%), and co-expression in 18 (14.0%) were observed. Inverse correlation between expression of PD-L1 and VEGFA was found (P = 0.002, r = −0.274). VEGFA and PD-L1 expression were not significantly associated with the clinicopathological features. High PD-L1 expression was significantly association with all patients' poor progression-free survival and overall survival in a univariate analysis, but there was no significantly association with high VEGFA expression and prognosis. Co-expression of PD-L1 and VEGFA exhibited a worst overall survival compared to negative groups (P = 0.005).Conclusions: These findings indicate that high PD-L1 expression could impact both poor overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with resected LADC. Co-expression of PD-L1 and VEGFA may be considered as an important prognostic factor for patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma