Numerical simulations of winds driven by radiation force from the corona above a thin disk

Observations show that winds can be driven from the innermost region (inside a 50 Schwarschild radius) of a thin disk. It is interesting to study the winds launched from the innermost region. A hot corona above the black hole (BH) thin disk is irradiated by the disk. We perform two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations to study the winds driven by radiation force from the corona in the innermost regions. The hard X-ray spectrum from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) suggests that the corona temperature is about $10^9$ K, so that we mainly analyze the properties of winds (or outflows) from the $10^9$ K corona. The disk luminosity plays an important role in driving the outflows. The more luminous the disk, the stronger the outflows. Mass outflow rate ($\dot{M}_{\rm out}$) at a 90 Schwarschild radius depends on disk luminosity, which can be described as $\dot{M}_{\rm out}\propto 10^{3.3 \Gamma}$ ($\Gamma$ is the ratio of the disk luminosity to the Eddington luminosity). In the case of high luminosity (e.g. $\Gamma=0.75$), the supersonic outflows with maximum speed $1.0 \times 10^4$ Km s$^{-1}$ are launched at $\sim17^{o}$ --$30^{o}$ and $\sim50^{o}$ --$80^{o}$ away from the pole axis. The Bernoulli parameter keeps increasing with the outward propagation of outflows. The radiation force keeps accelerating the outflows when outflows move outward. Therefore, we can expect the outflows to escape from the BH gravity and go to the galactic scale. The interaction between outflows and interstellar medium may be an important AGN feedback process.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

股静脉置管发生下肢深静脉血栓的集束干预

Femoral vein intubation is widely in clinical practice due to its simplicity of operator and easy to puncture. However, improper catheter puncture site can increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis. Pulmonary embolism may occur without timely treatment, which results in increased mortality, it will also increase the cost of treatment, and therefore the prevention of deep vein thrombosis is very important. The paper introduced the definition of deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs during femoral vein intubation, its causes, diagnoses and treatment. It also presented bundles of care for prevention of deep venous thrombosis.股静脉置管术因其操作简单、易于穿刺而广泛应用于临床。置管穿刺部位不当可使深静脉血栓发生风险增加。如不及时救治，甚至并发肺栓塞，导致死亡率增加, 其治疗费用也将增加，因此对深静脉血栓的预防非常重要。本文概述了股静脉置管发生下肢深静脉血栓定义、原因、诊断及一般处理，同时介绍了如何采用预防深静脉血栓的集束干预策略及相关措施来预防深静脉血栓的形成

Anti-hepatitis B viral activity of Phyllanthus niruri L (Phyllanthaceae) in HepG2/C3A and SK-HEP-1 cells

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of an ethanol extract of Phyllanthus niruri against hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection in human HepG2/C3A cells.Methods: An ellagic acid-rich ethanol fraction was obtained from P. niruri (Euphorbiaceae) by extraction and thin-layer chromatography. The anti-HBV activity of the fraction was evaluated in vitro against HepG2/C3A cells. The physicochemical characteristics of the fraction were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 12C-NMR).Results: The isolated active compound showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 120 μg/mL. Ellagic acid had no effect on HBV DNA replication at the concentrations evaluated, and did not inhibit the reproduction of HBV. However, the ethanol fraction inhibited the growth of HBV-infected HepG2/C3A cells.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the ethanol fraction of P. niruri inhibits HBV, and that the active component is not ellagic acid.Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, Anti-HBeAg, Hepatitis B viru

Corneal stromal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation for treating bullous keratopathy

AIM: To investigate the clinical effect for treating bullous keratopathy(BK)by anterior corneal stromal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation.<p>METHODS: Totally 35 patients(35 eyes)with bullous keratopathy were treated by corneal stromal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation. All patients preoperative and postoperative underwent anterior segment OCT, corneal topography, corneal sensitivity and confocal microscopy. To observe postoperative ocular symptoms in patients with BK, recurrence of bulla, changes in corneal thickness, corneal sensitivity and changes in the organizational structure of the layers of the cornea.<p>RESULTS: Thirty-five were followed up for 6-18mo. The symptom of pain disappeared in 32 cases(91%)in the first day after operation and did not recur during follow-up. The symptom of pain relieved in 3 cases(9%)in the first day after operation and disappeared in 3 days. Corneal epithelium of 9 cases(26%)were all healed within 1wk, 21 cases(60%)were all healed within 2wk, and 5 cases(14%)were all healed within 3wk. Following up for 6-18mo, there was no recurrence of symptoms or bulla. A small amount of tiny bubbles in the surrounding area appeared in 2 cases after 3 and 4wk. All patients had no neovascularization, and had smooth corneal surface. The amnions of 30 cases(86%)were thinning after 2mo, partially dissolved and absorped, not seen with the naked eye after 3mo. Thirty-four cases(97%)had no changes in vision, one case(3%)was from the light to front of the manual. After 2mo, corneal sensation decreased in 30 cases(86%), corneal thickness increased from preoperative 788±35μm to 940±43μm. After 12mo, corneal thickness increased to 1060±27μm. Results of confocal microscopy: after 3mo, the number density of the trigeminal nerve fibers under corneal basement membrane reduced, shallow stromal cells became into fibrotic stroma, deep stroma was more loose, and cells swelled significantly. The number of endothelial cells reduced and form swelled more obviously compared with preoperatively.<p>CONCLUSION: Corneal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation can effectively control the symptoms of BK, prevent the recurrence of BK, and especially it is a simple, safe and practical way for patients with poor visual function

1,3-Bis[5-(2-pyrid­yl)-1H-tetra­zol-1-yl]propane

The title compound, C15H14N10, is a multidentate ligand obtained by the reaction of 5-(2-pyrid­yl)tetra­zole with 1,3-dibromo­propane. The mol­ecule consists of two 5-(2-pyrid­yl)-1H-tetra­zol-1-yl units connected by a propyl­ene bridge in a U-like conformation. A twofold rotation axis passes through the central C atom

Factors Associated with Myopia in School Children in China: The Beijing Childhood Eye Study

Purpose: To assess factors associated with myopia in school children in rural and urban parts of Greater Beijing. Methods: The Beijing Pedriatic Eye Study was a population-based cross-sectional study, in which one school of each level (primary, junior high, senior high) was randomly selected from nine randomly selected districts out of 18 districts of Greater Beijing. The children underwent non-cylcoplegic refractometry and their parents an interview. Results: Of 16,771 eligible students, 15,066 (89.8%) children (7,769 (51.6%) girls) participated, with 8,860 (58.8%) participants living in the rural region. Mean age was 13.263.4 years (range:7–18 years). In multivariate analysis, prevalence of myopia (defined as #21.00 diopters) was associated with higher age (Odds ratio(OR):1.37; 95% confidence interval(CI):1.35,1.39), female gender (OR:1.35;95%CI:1.25,1.47), key school type (OR:0.77;95%CI: 0.70,0.85), higher family income (OR:1.04;95%CI:1.01,1.07), parental myopia (OR:1.46;95%CI:1.40,1.53), dim reading illumination (OR:0.93;95%CI: 0.88,0.98), longer daily studying duration (OR:1.10;95%CI:1.06,1.15), shorter duration of watching television (or computer) (OR:0.93;95%CI:0.89,0.97), higher self-reported protein intake (OR:0.94;95%CI:0.90,0.99), feeling well about life and status (OR:0.93;95%CI:0.89,0.98), and feeling tired or dizzy (OR:0.94;95%CI:0.91,0.97). Prevalence of high myopia (defined as #26.00 diopters) was associated with higher age (OR:1.43;95%CI:1.38, 1.48), key school type (OR:0.61;95%CI:0.49,0.74), family income (OR:1.07;95%CI:1.02,1.13), parental myopia (OR:1.65;95%CI:1.54,1.76), dim reading illumination (OR:0.86;95%CI:0.77,0.96), less rest during studying (OR:1.18;95%CI:1.10,1.27), feeling well about life and studying (OR:0.88;95%CI: 0.81,0.96) and feeling dizzy or tired (OR:0.93;95%CI:0.87,0.99). Prevalence of high myopia (defined as #28.00 diopters) was significantly associated with higher age (OR:1.39;95%CI:1.31,1.48;), key school type (OR:0.61;95%CI:0.42,0.88) and parental myopia (OR:1.87;95%CI:1.66,2.12). Conclusions: Myopia in school children in Greater Beijing was associated with higher age, female gender, school type, parental myopia, higher socioeconomic background, dim reading illumination, longer daily studying duration, less rest during study, shorter duration of watching television (or computer), higher self-reported protein intake, feeling well about life and status, and feeling tired and dizzy