Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge extract on liver cirrhosis in rats

Purpose: To explore the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.extract(SMBE) on diethylnitrosamine(DEN)- induced liver cirrhosis in rats.Methods: SMBE was obtained by extracting dried Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. in water. Liver cirrhosis was induced in Wistar rats by injecting diethylnitrosamine in abdominal cavity once a week for 8 weeks. Concurrently, rats received either daily oral SMBE (SMBE group) or saline (control group). Clinical biochemical assessments, oxidative stress tests (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD]) were performed at 4 and 8 weeks after beginning DEN.Results: Compared to the control group, both plasma alanine transaminase (ALT, 245.6 ± 8.5 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, 205.7 ± 5.1 U/L) were significantly lower in SMBE group after 8 weeks (p < 0.01 for both ALT and AST). SMBE group exhibited significantly lower MDA (0.41 ± 0.04 μmol/L) levels and higher SOD(0.53 ± 0.05 U/mg protein) activity than control at 8 weeks after commencing DEN (p < 0.01 for both MDA and SOD).Conclusion: SMBE has significant ameliorative effect on DEN-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of SMBE appear to be involved in these beneficial effects.Keywords: Salvia miltiorrhiza, Liver cirrhosis, Anti-oxidant, Anti-apoptotic, Diethylnitrosamine, Biochemical parameter

Quantum correlation and classical correlation dynamics in the spin-boson model

We study the quantum correlation and classical correlation dynamics in a spin-boson model. For two different forms of spectral density, we obtain analytical results and show that the evolutions of both correlations depend closely on the form of the initial state. At the end of evolution, all correlations initially stored in the spin system transfer to reservoirs. It is found that for a large family of initial states, quantum correlation remains equal to the classical correlation during the course of evolution. In addition, there is no increase in the correlations during the course of evolution.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Ethyl 6-(4-fluoro­phen­yl)-4-hy­droxy-2-oxo-4-trifluoro­meth­yl-1,3-diazinane-5-carboxyl­ate monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H14F4N2O4·H2O, contains two crystallographically independent organic mol­ecules and two water mol­ecules. The two 1,3-diazinane rings adopt a half-chair conformation and the dihedral angles between their mean planes and those of the benzene rings are 75.65 (4)° and 49.41 (3)° in the two mol­ecules. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

2-Amino-1H-benzoimidazol-3-ium 4,4,4-trifluoro-1,3-dioxo-1-phenyl­butan-2-ide

In the title compound, C7H8N3 +·C10H6F3O2 −, 1H-benzoimidazol-2-amine system adopts a planar conformation with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0174 Å. The cation and anion in the asymmetric unit are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. There are also additional inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking inter­actions between the phenyl rings of neighbouring anions with centroid–centroid distances of 4.0976 (13) Å

Single-photon transport and mechanical NOON state generation in microcavity optomechanics

We investigate the single-photon transport in a single-mode optical fiber coupled to an optomechanical system in the single-photon strong-coupling regime. The single-photon transmission amplitude is analytically obtained with a real-space approach and the effects of thermal noises are studied via master-equation simulations. The results provide an explicit understanding of optomechanical interaction and offer a useful guide for manipulating single photons in optomechanical systems. Based on the theoretical framework, we further propose a scheme to generate the mechanical NOON states with arbitrary phonon numbers by measuring the sideband photons. The probability for generating the NOON state with five phonons is over 0.15.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

2-Amino-4,6-dimethyl­pyrimidin-1-ium 1-oxo-2,6,7-trioxa-1λ5-phosphabicyclo­[2.2.2]octane-4-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C6H10N3 +·C5H6O6P−, the cation and anion are linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. There are additional inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which generate centrosymmetric tetramers of two cations and two anions

High-Q exterior whispering gallery modes in a metal-coated microresonator

We propose a kind of plasmonic whispering gallery modes highly localized on the exterior surface of a metal-coated microresonator. This exterior (EX) surface mode possesses high quality factors at room temperature, and can be efficiently excited by a tapered fiber. The EX mode can couple to an interior (IN) mode and this coupling produces a strong anti-crossing behavior, which not only allows conversion of IN to EX modes, but also forms a long-lived anti-symmetric mode. As a potential application, the EX mode could be used for a biosensor with a sensitivity high up to 500 nm per refraction index unit, a large figure of merit, and a wide detection range

Cavity QED treatment of scattering-induced efficient free-space excitation and collection in high-Q whispering-gallery microcavities

Whispering-gallery microcavity laser possesses ultralow threshold, whereas convenient free-space optical excitation and collection suffer from low efficiencies due to its rotational symmetry. Here we analytically study a three-dimensional microsphere coupled to a nano-sized scatterer in the framework of quantum optics. It is found that the scatterer is capable of coupling light in and out of the whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) without seriously degrading their high-Q properties, while the microsphere itself plays the role of a lens to focus the input beam on the scatterer and vice versa. Our analytical results show that (1) the high-Q WGMs can be excited in free space, and (2) over 50% of the microcavity laser emission can be collected within less than ${1}^{\circ}$. This coupling system holds great potential for low threshold microlasers free of external couplers.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

1,3-Bis(4-meth­oxy­benz­yl)-6-methyl­pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The title compound, C21H22N2O4, was prepared by reaction of 6-methyl­pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione and 1-chloro­methyl-4-meth­oxy­benzene. In the title mol­ecule, the central pyrimidine ring forms dihedral angles of 62.16 (4) and 69.77 (3)° with the two benzene rings. In the crystal, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains

Strongly enhanced light-matter interaction in a hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonator

We propose a hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonant structure which consists of a metal nanoparticle (MNP) and a whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity. It is found that the hybrid mode enables a strong interaction between the light and matter, and the single-atom cooperativity is enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude compared to that in a bare WGM microcavity. This remarkable improvement originates from two aspects: (1) the MNP offers a highly enhanced local field in the vicinity of an emitter, and (2), surprisingly, the high-\textit{Q} property of WGMs can be maintained in the presence of the MNP. Thus the present system has great advantages over a single microcavity or a single MNP, and holds great potential in quantum optics, nonlinear optics and highly sensitive biosening.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure