[1,1′-Dibenzyl-2,2′-(2-oxapropane-1,3-diyl)di(1H-benzimidazole)-κ3N3,O,N3′]bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenolato-κO1)manganese(II)

In the title complex, [Mn(C6H2N3O7)2(C30H26N4O)], the MnII atom is coordinated by the tridentate bis-benzimidazole ligand and two atoms of the picrate anions, in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry (τ = 0.038). One nitro O atom of one picrate ion is disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.54 (5) and 0.46 (5)

A Perfect Absorber Based on Similar Fabry-Perot Four-Band in the Visible Range

A simple metamaterial absorber is proposed to achieve near-perfect absorption in visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The absorber is composed of metal-dielectric-metal (MIM) three-layer structure. The materials of these three-layer structures are Au, SiO2, and Au. The top metal structure of the absorber is composed of hollow three-dimensional metal rings regularly arranged periodically. The results show that the high absorption efficiency at a specific wavelength is mainly due to the resonance of the Fabry–Perot effect (FP) in the intermediate layer of the dielectric medium, resulting in the resonance light being trapped in the middle layer, thus improving the absorption efficiency. The almost perfect multiband absorption, which is independent of polarization angle and insensitivity of incident angle, lends the absorber great application prospects for filtering and optoelectronics

Functional divergence and adaptive selection of KNOX gene family in plants

KNOTTED-like homeodomain (KNOX) genes are transcriptional regulators that play an important role in morphogenesis. In the present study, a comparative analysis was performed to investigate the molecular evolution of the characteristics of the KNOX gene family in 10 different plant species. We identified 129 KNOX gene family members, which were categorized into two subfamilies based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Several segmental duplication pairs were found, indicating that different species share a common expansion model. Functional divergence analysis identified the 15 and 52 amino acid sites with significant changes in evolutionary rates and amino acid physicochemical properties as functional divergence sites. Additional selection analysis showed that 14 amino acid sites underwent positive selection during evolution, and two groups of co-evolutionary amino acid sites were identified by Coevolution Analysis using Protein Sequences software. These sites could play critical roles in the molecular evolution of the KNOX gene family in these species. In addition, the expression profiles of KNOX duplicated genes demonstrated functional divergence. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the structural and functional evolution of the KNOX gene family

Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Cerura menciana and Comparison with Other Lepidopteran Insects.

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Cerura menciana (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) was sequenced and analyzed in this study. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 15,369 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and a A+T-rich region. The positive AT skew (0.031) indicated that more As than Ts were present. All PCGs were initiated by ATN codons, except for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene, which was initiated by CAG. Two of the 13 PCGs contained the incomplete termination codon T or TA, while the others were terminated with the stop codon TAA. The A+T-rich region was 372 bp in length and consisted of an 'ATAGA' motif followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like (AT)8 and a poly-A element upstream of the trnM gene. Results examining codon usage indicated that Asn, Ile, Leu2, Lys, Tyr and Phe were the six most frequently occurring amino acids, while Cys was the rarest. Phylogenetic relationships, analyzed based on the nucleotide sequences of the 13 PCGs from other insect mitogenomes, confirmed that C. menciana belongs to the Notodontidae family

Isolation and structural elucidation of a novel homogenous polysaccharide from <i>Tricholoma matsutake</i>

<div><p>A crude polysaccharide possessing antitumour, radiation-resistant and anti-ageing attributes was extracted from <i>Tricholoma matsutake</i> by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. From this crude polysaccharide, a homogeneous polysaccharide, TMP-5II, was successfully purified by Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography. The average molecular weight (<i>M</i>_w) of TMP-5II was 15.76 kDa. Monosaccharide analysis indicated that the homogeneous polysaccharide contained four different residues: d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose and d-fucose. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy revealed characteristics typical of carbohydrate polymers and a peak typical of a β-type glycosidic bond. TMP-5II was selected for structural characterisation by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. According to ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and two-dimensional-NMR analysis, TMP-5II contains two kinds of linkages, β and α, at a ratio of 4:1. Preliminary results indicated that the polysaccharide had (1-4)-beta-pyran glucose as the main chain, and a branched chain in the O-6 location with fucose (1-2) mannose (1-3)-alpha-pyran galactose.</p></div

Map of the mitogenome of <i>C</i>. <i>menciana</i>.

<p>The tRNA genes are labeled according to the IUPAC-IUB single-letter amino acids: <i>cox1</i>, <i>cox2</i> and <i>cox3</i> refer to the cytochrome c oxidase subunits; <i>cob</i> refers to cytochrome b; <i>nad1-nad6</i> refer to NADH dehydrogenase components; <i>rrnL</i> and <i>rrnS</i> refer to ribosomal RNAs. Gene named above the bar are located on major strand, while the others are located on minor strand.</p

Composition and skewness in different Lepidopteran mitogenomes.

<p>Composition and skewness in different Lepidopteran mitogenomes.</p