Metabolic Pathways Enhancement Confers Poor Prognosis in p53 Exon Mutant Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq), the most commonly used sequencing application tool, is not only a method for measuring gene expression but also an excellent media to detect important structural variants such as single nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertion/deletion (Indels), or fusion transcripts. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) contains genomic data from a variety of cancer types and also provides the raw data generated by TCGA consortium. p53 is among the top 10 somatic mutations associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to analyze concordant different gene profiles and the priori defined set of genes based on p53 mutation status in HCC using RNA-Seq data. In the study, expression profile of 11 799 genes on 42 paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues was collected, processed, and further stratified by the mutated versus normal p53 expression. Furthermore, we used a knowledge-based approach Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to compare between normal and p53 mutation gene expression profiles. The statistical significance (nominal P value) of the enrichment score (ES) genes was calculated. The ranked gene list that reflects differential expression between p53 wild-type and mutant genotypes was then mapped to metabolic process by KEGG, an encyclopedia of genes and genomes to assign functional meanings. These approaches enable us to identify pathways and potential target gene/pathways that are highly expressed in p53 mutated HCC. Our analysis revealed 2 genes, the hexokinase 2 (HK2) and Enolase 1 (ENO1), were conspicuous of red pixel in the heatmap. To further explore the role of these genes in HCC, the overall survival plots by Kaplan-Meier method were performed for HK2 and ENO1 that revealed high HK2 and ENO1 expression in patients with HCC have poor prognosis. These results suggested that these glycolysis genes are associated with mutated-p53 in HCC that may contribute to poor prognosis. In this proof-of-concept study, we proposed an approach for identifying novel potential therapeutic targets in human HCC with mutated p53. These approaches can take advantage of the massive next-generation sequencing (NGS) data generated worldwide and make more out of it by exploring new potential therapeutic targets

Ground state sign-changing solutions for critical Choquard equations with steep well potential

In this paper, we study sign-changing solution of the Choquard type equation −∆u + (λV(x) + 1) u = Iα ∗ |u| 2 |u| 2 α−2u + µ|u| p−2u in R N, where N ≥ 3, α ∈ ((N − 4) +, N), Iα is a Riesz potential, p ∈ 2 2N N−2 , 2∗ := N+α N−2 is the upper critical exponent in terms of the Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality, µ > 0, λ > 0, V ∈ C(RN, R) is nonnegative and has a potential well. By combining the variational methods and sign-changing Nehari manifold, we prove the existence and some properties of ground state sign-changing solution for λ, µ large enough. Further, we verify the asymptotic behaviour of ground state sign-changing solutions as λ → +∞ and µ → +∞, respectivel

Time Crystal in a Single-mode Nonlinear Cavity

Time crystal is a class of non-equilibrium phase with broken time-translational symmetry. Here we demonstrate the time crystal in a single-model nonlinear cavity. The time crystal originates from the self-oscillation induced by the linear gain and is stabilized by the nonlinear damping. We show this time crystal model exhibits four different characteristics: the emergence of classical limit cycle under the mean-field approximation, the dissipative gap closing in the thermodynamic limit, the quantum oscillation in the Husimi function, and the emergence of quantum limit cycle in the steady state. These properties provide a complete description of the time crystal and thus pave the way to investigate the time crystal in nonlinear systems

Experimental Demonstration of an Indoor VLC Positioning System Based on OFDMA

We propose an indoor visible light communication (VLC) and positioning system using the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) scheme, which can provide both indoor positioning and communications. Three subcarriers with the maximum received signal intensity with respect to three light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are selected for indoor positioning based on the trilateration algorithm. The experiment results show that the proposed system with quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) mapping offers a mean positioning error and an error vector magnitude of 1.68 cm and more than 15 dB, respectively

Saliency Detection Gradient Preservation for Bayer Image Color Reconstruction

Image color reconstruction is a necessary process to recover high quality full color images from Bayer images. In view of the existence of image texture and edge blurring in color reconstruction algorithms, a four-direction joint gradient weighted residual interpolation algorithm is proposed, which uses four-direction weights obtained from RGB pixel gradients and residual gradients in Bayer images, linearly combined with the color difference estimation to effectively obtain the full G image. Aiming at the color cast phenomenon of the image after color interpolation, a saliency detection gradient-preserving color correction algorithm is proposed based on the RGB image captured under natural light. Firstly, the saliency detection method is used to segment the interpolated image and the RGB image into two regions, then carrying out the region correspondence for gradient-preserving color correction, and finally the weighted fusion method is used to obtain the final color reconstructed image. The experimental results show that the reconstructed image texture and edges are clearer and the colors are closer to RGB images