A History of the Education of the Chinese in Hawaii

In the transplanting of any race or people, a period of acclimatization by the process of natural or formal education must inevitably ensue if that group wishes to survive both mentally and spiritually; and in many cases physically. In any community a human, in order to make himself agreeable and useful, must learn to cooperate with his or hers neighbors. This is usually accomplished by first learning the language of one\u27s country of adoption, then to learn the philosophy of the inhabitants already established there, and finally to apply one\u27s self diligently by industry and perseverance to occupation. The Chinese in Hawaii have shown their ability in adapting themselves to American ways and learning, and have succeeded in making themselves amongst the most powerful and progressive forces in the educational and economic life of the Islands. Since economic development is a factor which influences the educational opportunities of the state, this thesis will attempt to treat the progress of the Chinese in industry, commerce and the professions in their relation to the cultural and educational progress which is co-relative to the former

A History of the Education of the Chinese in Hawaii

In the transplanting of any race or people, a period of acclimatization by the process of natural or formal education must inevitably ensue if that group wishes to survive both mentally and spiritually; and in many cases physically. In any community a human, in order to make himself agreeable and useful, must learn to cooperate with his or hers neighbors. This is usually accomplished by first learning the language of one\u27s country of adoption, then to learn the philosophy of the inhabitants already established there, and finally to apply one\u27s self diligently by industry and perseverance to occupation. The Chinese in Hawaii have shown their ability in adapting themselves to American ways and learning, and have succeeded in making themselves amongst the most powerful and progressive forces in the educational and economic life of the Islands. Since economic development is a factor which influences the educational opportunities of the state, this thesis will attempt to treat the progress of the Chinese in industry, commerce and the professions in their relation to the cultural and educational progress which is co-relative to the former

Expressions of toll-like receptors 2 and 4, and relative cellular factors in HIV patients with tuberculosis infection

Purpose: To investigate the expressions of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IFN-γ (IFN- gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with tuberculosis (TB) infection.Methods: Two groups of HIV patients (68 in each group) were used for this study. These were HIV with TB (HIV/TB) group and HIV without TB group. A third group (68 healthy people) served as control. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was adopted to measure TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), while the serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 were determined by ELISA.Results: The △Ct values of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in HIV/TB and HIV groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Compared to control group, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 significantly increased, while IFN-γ and IL-2 in HIV/TB and HIV groups significantly decreased (p < 0.05). However, IFN-γ and IL-2 decreased significantly in HIV/TB group (p < 0.05). Expression of TLR2 correlated positively with serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, but negatively with IFN-γ and IL-2 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: TLR2 signal pathway plays a role in HIV patients with TB infection by promoting the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, while inhibiting IFN-γ and IL-2 cellular factors, and thus may provide a new pathway for the treatment of patients with HIV/TB.Keywords: HIV, Tuberculosis, Toll-like receptor, Cellular factors, Tumor necrosis factor, Interleuki

Alcohol-induced severe acute pancreatitis followed by hemolytic uremic syndrome managed with continuous renal replacement therapy

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis carries a poor prognosis. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by non-immune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure caused by platelet thrombi in the microcirculation of the kidney, and though rare in adults it is associated with high mortality and a high rate of chronic renal failure. CASE PRESENTATION: Herein, we report a case of alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis in a 38-year-old Chinese female complicated by HUS. Her renal function progressively deteriorated in 2 days, and daily continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was thus performed for a total of 13 treatments. She also received intermittent transfusions of fresh frozen plasma. Her renal failure was successfully managed, with subsequent return of normal renal function. She was discharged 1 month after admission and follow-up at 3 months revealed normal urea and creatinine. CONCLUSION: CRRT was shown to be useful for the treatment of HUS following acute pancreatitis. Prior case reports and our case should remind clinicians that HUS is a possible complication of acute pancreatitis. This study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt initiation of CRRT to prevent mortality and improve outcomes

A Polygon Model for Wireless Sensor Network Deployment with Directional Sensing Areas

The modeling of the sensing area of a sensor node is essential for the deployment algorithm of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, a polygon model is proposed for the sensor node with directional sensing area. In addition, a WSN deployment algorithm is presented with topology control and scoring mechanisms to maintain network connectivity and improve sensing coverage rate. To evaluate the proposed polygon model and WSN deployment algorithm, a simulation is conducted. The simulation results show that the proposed polygon model outperforms the existed disk model and circular sector model in terms of the maximum sensing coverage rate

Prognostic value of vitamin D in patients with pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic role of vitamin D in pneumonia patients  through meta-analysis.Methods: PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for relevant studies that assessed the impact of vitamin D on the risk of adverse outcomes among patients with pneumonia. Risk ratios (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were pooled using meta-analysis. Q-test and I2 statistics were used to evaluate between-study heterogeneity.Results: Six studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis of these studies indicated that low vitamin D status was associated with higher risk of mortality among pneumonia patients (RR = 2.59, 95 % CI = 1.32-5.08; p = 0.005). Results from meta-analysis of studies with adjusted estimates suggest that low vitamin D status was independently associated with higher risk of mortality among pneumonia patients (RR = 3.15, 95 % CI 1.54-6.44, p = 0.002). There was no significant risk of bias in the meta-analysis.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that low vitamin D level is associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes in patients with pneumonia.Keywords: Pneumonia, Vitamin D, Prognosis, Meta-analysis, Systematic revie

catena-Poly[[[diaqua­bis(2-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-3,4′-bipyridine-5-carbo­nitrile)copper(II)]-μ-sulfato] tetra­hydrate]

In the title polymer, {[Cu(SO4)(C12H9N3O)2(H2O)2]·4H2O}n, both the metal center and the sulfate anion are located on a twofold axis. The CuII ion is coordinated by two pyridyl N atoms from two symmetry-related organic ligands, two O atoms from two symmetry-related water mol­ecules, and two O atoms from two symmetry-related sulfate anions, resulting in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The sulfate anions act as μ2-bridges and connect metal ions, forming a one-dimensional chain along the b axis. The three-dimensional crystal structure is established through inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the organic ligands, sulfate anions, coordinated and uncoordinated water mol­ecules, and through π–π inter­acting 2-pyridone rings, with centroid–centroid separations of ca 3.96 Å and tilt angles of ca 2.62°

Humanin Rescues Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons from NMDA-Induced Toxicity Not by NMDA Receptor

Excitatory neurotoxicity has been implicated in many pathological situations and there is no effective treatment available. Humanin is a 24-aa peptide cloned from the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, excitatory toxicity was induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in primarily cultured rat cortical neurons. MTT assessment, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and calcein staining were employed to evaluate the protective activity of humanin on NMDA induced toxicity. The results suggested that NMDA (100 μmol/L, 2.5 hr) triggered neuronal morphological changes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (166% of the control), reduction of cell viability (about 50% of the control), and the decrease of living cell density (about 50% of the control). When pretreated with humanin, the toxicity was suppressed. The living cells’ density of humanin treated group was similar to that of control. The cell viability was attenuated dose-dependently (IC50 = 0.132 nmol/L). The LDH release was also neutralized in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the intracellular Ca2+ overloading triggered by NMDA reverted quickly and humanin could not inhibit it. These findings indicate that humanin can rescue cortical neurons from NMDA-induced toxicity in rat but not through interfering with NMDA receptor directly

Cyclin D2 plays a regulatory role in HBV replication

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of liver diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of HBV infection and carcinogenesis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that cyclin D2 was upregualted in HBV-expressing cells and liver tissues of HBV-transgenic mice. Gene silencing of cyclin D2 inhibited HBV DNA replicative intermediates, 3.5kb mRNA, core protein level, as well as the secretions of HBsAg and HBeAg. On the contrary, overexpression of cyclin D2 promoted HBV replication. Furthermore, cyclin D2 regulated HBV replication by enhancing the activity of HBV core and Sp1 promoters by targeting transcription factor CREB2. Silencing of CREB2 abolished enhancement of HBV replication induced by cyclin D2. Together, our study has uncovered a positive role of cyclin D2 in HBV replication. It is conceivable that therapeutic application of cyclin D2 inhibitor in HBV infection therapy