EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF); Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 96 (FGE.96): Consideration of 88 flavouring substances considered by EFSA for which EU production volumes / anticipated production volumes have been submitted on request by DG SANCO. Addendum to FGE. 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 76, 77, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85 and 87

Overgrowth disorders are a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by increased growth parameters and other variable clinical features such as intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism1. To identify new causes of human overgrowth, we performed exome sequencing in ten proband-parent trios and detected two de novo DNMT3A mutations. We identified 11 additional de novo mutations by sequencing DNMT3A in a further 142 individuals with overgrowth. The mutations alter residues in functional DNMT3A domains, and protein modeling suggests that they interfere with domain-domain interactions and histone binding. Similar mutations were not present in 1,000 UK population controls (13/152 cases versus 0/1,000 controls; P < 0.0001). Mutation carriers had a distinctive facial appearance, intellectual disability and greater height. DNMT3A encodes a DNA methyltransferase essential for establishing methylation during embryogenesis and is commonly somatically mutated in acute myeloid leukemia2, 3, 4. Thus, DNMT3A joins an emerging group of epigenetic DNA- and histone-modifying genes associated with both developmental growth disorders and hematological malignancie

Vers une viticulture plus économique en intrants ? Quelques résultats agronomiques du dispositif DEPHY en Alsace

Mis en place dès 2008, de dispositif DEPHY s'inscrit comme une action majeure du plan ECOPHYTO lancé par le ministère chargé de l'Agriculture. Ce dispositif national a pour objectif d'expérimenter et de diffuser des systèmes agricoles utilisant moins d'intrants phytosanitaires. Le projet DEPHY-EXPE PEPSVI (2013-2018) Plateforme d'Evaluation des Performances de Systèmes Viticoles Innovants, co-financé par ECOPHYTO et la région Alsace, est un projet alsacien lauréat pour la filière viticole. Porté par l'INRA (Institut Nationale de la Recherche Agronomique), PEPSVI est construit autour d'un partenariat multi-acteurs et pluridisciplinaire. L'OPABA (l'Organisation Professionnelle de l’Agriculture Biologique en Alsace), RITTMO Agroenvironnement, l'EPLEFPA de Rouffach-Wintzenheim, l'ARAA (Association pour la relance agronomique en Alsace) et la CRAGE-Alsace (Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture Grand Est) sont partenaires du projet. Les dispositifs PEPSVI visent à co-concevoir, expérimenter et évaluer des systèmes à faibles intrant phytosanitaire. Les innovations ainsi testées vont d'une gestion optimisée de systèmes viticoles existants à des systèmes viticoles conduits sans aucun produit phytosanitaire. Les performances des systèmes viticoles testés sont évaluées à l'aides d'indicateurs agronomiques, environnementaux, sociaux et économiques. Onze expérimentations-systèmes, situées sur 5 sites alsaciens, ont été mis en place. Les innovations qui ont été testées sont : le semi d'un couvert végétal, l'usage systématique d'outils d'aide à la décision, le paillis du cavaillon par plaquettes de feuillus, l'utilisation d'huiles essentielles et propolis, et l'utilisation d'autres produits alternatifs

Vers une viticulture plus économique en intrants ? Quelques résultats agronomiques du dispositif DEPHY en Alsace

Mis en place dès 2008, de dispositif DEPHY s'inscrit comme une action majeure du plan ECOPHYTO lancé par le ministère chargé de l'Agriculture. Ce dispositif national a pour objectif d'expérimenter et de diffuser des systèmes agricoles utilisant moins d'intrants phytosanitaires. Le projet DEPHY-EXPE PEPSVI (2013-2018) Plateforme d'Evaluation des Performances de Systèmes Viticoles Innovants, co-financé par ECOPHYTO et la région Alsace, est un projet alsacien lauréat pour la filière viticole. Porté par l'INRA (Institut Nationale de la Recherche Agronomique), PEPSVI est construit autour d'un partenariat multi-acteurs et pluridisciplinaire. L'OPABA (l'Organisation Professionnelle de l’Agriculture Biologique en Alsace), RITTMO Agroenvironnement, l'EPLEFPA de Rouffach-Wintzenheim, l'ARAA (Association pour la relance agronomique en Alsace) et la CRAGE-Alsace (Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture Grand Est) sont partenaires du projet. Les dispositifs PEPSVI visent à co-concevoir, expérimenter et évaluer des systèmes à faibles intrant phytosanitaire. Les innovations ainsi testées vont d'une gestion optimisée de systèmes viticoles existants à des systèmes viticoles conduits sans aucun produit phytosanitaire. Les performances des systèmes viticoles testés sont évaluées à l'aides d'indicateurs agronomiques, environnementaux, sociaux et économiques. Onze expérimentations-systèmes, situées sur 5 sites alsaciens, ont été mis en place. Les innovations qui ont été testées sont : le semi d'un couvert végétal, l'usage systématique d'outils d'aide à la décision, le paillis du cavaillon par plaquettes de feuillus, l'utilisation d'huiles essentielles et propolis, et l'utilisation d'autres produits alternatifs

Conception et évaluation des systèmes viticoles innovants "bas intrants"

Conception et évaluation des systèmes viticoles innovants "bas intrants". 18. International Symposium GIESC

Exploitation des résistances naturelles aux maladies cryptogamiques pour une viticulture à faibles intrants phytosanitaires - Perspectives pour les vignobles septentrionaux

National audienc

Detection of downy mildew in the field on grapevine leaves using a new portable fluorescence sensor

International audienceDowny mildew is a major disease of grapevine caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola. It is at the origin of numerous fungicide treatments. In order to optimize these treatments and reduce their number, an early detection of the disease in the field is sought-after, preferably by non-destructive means for a precision agriculture approach. Stilbenes, the main phytoalexin of grapevine, are not present in healthy leaves. Their synthesis and accumulation is induced by P. viticola. They are fluorescent phenolic compounds, displaying violet-blue fluorescence (VBF). In the laboratory, VBF was used to assess stilbenes in vivo in grapevine leaves or as an indicator of the development of the infection by P. viticola. So, this fluorescence signal could potentially be used as a non-invasive proxy for the presence of downy mildew. A new portable sensor for stilbene VBF, Mx-330, was developed by the company FORCE-A (Orsay, France). The present study confirmed that this new sensor could be used in the vineyards to detect downy mildew. Thanks to its presence also on the adaxial leaf side, P. viticola-induced stilbene VBF is suitable for vehicle-mounted proximal sensing

Evaluation de systèmes viticoles innovants sous fort cadre de contraintes

Combining drastic reduction of inputs and high sensitivity of vine to pathogens implies re-designing viticulture production systems. The newly designed systems then need to be assessed to be sure that they are sustainable and can be implemented by wine growers.A experimental network with 26 vine sites located in Atlantic coast, Mediterranean and in North-East of France, has been set up since 2012. Tested viticulture systems of vine grape production are « Integrated Production », « Organic farming », « Zero fungicide » and « Zero pesticide ». Planting new vine varieties that are resistant to pathogens is under process in Alsace, Bordeaux and Loire vineyards. The methodology framework used to design and to assess the new systems is based on published work. Systems assessment deals with the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social and economic and also quality of vine and wine. A set of high set of constraints of the designed viticulture systems is: economical sustainability combining to hard reduction of inputs and high quality of grapes and vines, according to Protected Designation of Origin.Quality and quantity vine plots assessment (i.e. yield, berries quality), diseases assessment (i.e. mildiew, oïdium, grey rot), economic assessment (i.e. gross margin) and environmental assessment (i.e. IFT and INDIGO® indicators) on different combinations of soil and climate, allow assessing and ranking the designed viticulture systems. For instance, one organic system is efficient and reliable for quality and quantity of vine, economic and environmental indicators. The only margin for improvement deals with reducing even more cupper used for fungi management.To conclude, the tested designed systems are well assessed under a set of high set of constraints of French vineyards. Drastically monitoring reduction of inputs (i.e. pesticides and energy) is possible for several new designed viticulture systems. In the next years, the extension of the network to more soil and climate combinations, will allow us to propose innovative robust viticulture systems to winegrowers.Des systèmes de production viticole ont été évalués quant à leur durabilité. A cet effet, un réseau expérimental avec 26 stes de vignobles situés dans la côte Atlantique, la Méditerranée et dans le Nord-Est de la France, a été installé depuis 2012. Les systèmes de production viticole sont « la Production Intégrée », « l’Agriculture biologique », « le Fongicide Zéro » et « le Pesticide Zéro ». La plantation des nouvelles variété de vigne qui sont résistantes aux pathogènes est en développement en Alsace, Bordelais et Val de Loire.Ont été notés ; La quantité et la qualité des raisins, l’évaluation des maladies (Mildiou, Oïdium, Pourriture grise), l’évaluation économique (la marge brute) et l’évaluation environnementale (IFT – Indice de Fréquence des Traitements et les indicateurs INDIGO ®).Pour conclure, les systèmes testés sont bien évalués sous un ensemble de haute contrainte. La réduction d’apports (pesticides et énergie) est possible pour plusieurs nouveaux systèmes de viticulture. Dans les prochaines années, l’extension du réseau à davantage de conditions de sol et de climat, nous permettra de proposer des systèmes de viticulture robustes novateurs aux vignerons

An innovative soil management impacts white grapes and wines sensory qualities

Production quality in viticulture is highly dependent on soil characteristics and vineyard management. Although grapevine can adapt to many soil types, grape and wine composition could be affected by soil management, which influences the nutrient adsorption of wine root and the taste of final products. In this study, parameters concern soil quality, vine health and sensory quality of grapes and produced wines. We investigared two grape varieties Riesling and Pinot Gris in Alsace (France) with six different innovative vineyards managements consisting in (i) organic systems and (ii) integrated systems. All systems used low pesticides inputs and were highly diverse in terms of Production Designation of Origin (PDO) and age of the vines. Sensory analysis concerned grapes and berries at final stage of maturity, at harvest and corresponding wines for vintages 2014 and 2015. The sensory profiles of the berries were estimated by quantitative descriptive analyses (trained panel) completed with chromametric measurements. The sensory profiles of wines were estimated in a complete way (i) by quantitative descriptive analysis (trained and wine expert panels), (ii) by typicality assessment (wine expert panel), and (iii) by scoring hedonic tests (consumer panel) to characterize the hedonic quality of wines. The results showed that the sensory profile of the wine established by the expert panel is linked to grape quality at harvest. Chromametric measurements were correlated to the expert color ratings in connection with the origin of grapes used to make the wine. Sensory visual and aromatic attributes of wines enabled to distinguish the six sites and both 2014 and 2015 vintages, but not the organic systems from the integrated ones. Finally, drastically reducing herbicides in soil management of the vineyard had minor effects on sensory charachteristics of harvest berries and wines and did not significantly impact consumer preferences of the wines

The Sterilization of Human Milk by Holder Pasteurization or by High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing Leads to Differential Intestinal Effects in Mice

BACKGROUND: Human milk banks (HMBs) provide sterilized donor milk (DM) for the feeding of preterm infants. Most HMBs use the standard method of Holder pasteurization (HoP) performed by heating DM at 62.5 C for 30 min. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing has been proposed as an alternative to HoP. This study aims to evaluate intestinal barrier integrity and microbiota composition in adult mice subjected to a chronic oral administration of HoP- or HHP-DM. METHODS: Mice were treated by daily gavages with HoP- or HHP-DM over seven days. Intestinal barrier integrity was assessed through in vivo 4 kDa FITC–dextran permeability assay and mRNA expression of several tight junctions and mucins in ileum and colon. Cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS: HHP-DM mice displayed decreased intestinal permeability to FITC–dextran and increased ileal mRNA expression levels of two tight junctions (Ocln and Cdh1) and Muc2. In the colon, mRNA expression levels of two tight junctions (Cdh1 and Tjp1) and of two mucins (Muc2 and Muc4) were decreased in HHP-DM mice. Cecal SCFAs and microbiota were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: HHP processing of DM reinforces intestinal barrier integrity in vivo without affecting gut microbiota and SCFAs production. This study reinforces previous findings showing that DM sterilization through HHP might be beneficial for the intestinal maturation of preterm infants compared with the use of HoP for the treatment of D

Genetic variability of grapevine vegetative development parameters as described with LiDAR data and associated quantitative trait loci

International audienc