A New Zealand Electricity Market Model: Assessment of the Effect of Climate Change on Electricity Production and Consumption.

In this paper, we introduce an electricity market model and use it to explore the effect of climate change on electricity output and prices. It is calibrated to the New Zealand Electricity Market, and includes multiple generation fuels, uncertain fuel availability, and storage options. The model is formulated in continuous time, which mimics the many short trading periods that are common to electricity spot markets, while properly incorporating forward-looking generation decision making. Specifically, it is used to estimate the effects of changes that may arise in characteristics of fuels -water and gas- as a consequence of climate change and climate change policies. The model does this under the polar cases of a competitive market structure and monopoly. There are three key findings from the results. First, the results illustrate the importance of allowing for volatility and including management of storage in electricity market models. Second, they suggest that reductions in average hydro fuel availability will reduce welfare significantly. Increases in the volatility of hydro fuel availability will also affect welfare, but to a very small extent. Third, the value of reservoir expansion is sensitive to the distribution of hydro fuel availability. Finally, the effects of a carbon tax are also reported.dynamic optimisation, electricity spot market performance, stochastic fuel availability, storage options, climate change

Galactic Halo substructure in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: the ancient tidal stream from the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy

Two studies have recently reported the discovery of pronounced Halo substructure in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) commissioning data. Here we show that this Halo substructure is almost in its entirety due to the expected tidal stream torn off the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy during the course of its many close encounters with the Milky Way. This interpretation makes strong predictions on the kinematics and distances of these stream stars. Comparison of the structure in old horizontal branch stars, detected by the SDSS team, with the carbon star structure discovered in our own survey, indicates that this halo stream is of comparable age to the Milky Way. It would appear that the Milky Way and the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy have been a strongly interacting system for most of their existence. Once complete, the SDSS will provide a unique dataset with which to constrain the dynamical evolution of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, it will also strongly constrain the mass distribution of the outer Milky Way.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures (1 color figure chunky due to PS compression), minor revisions,accepted by ApJ

The Effects of Acute Stress Exposure on Neural Correlates of Pavlovian Conditioning with Monetary Gains and Losses

Pavlovian conditioning involves the association of an inherently neutral stimulus with an appetitive or aversive outcome, such that the neutral stimulus itself acquires reinforcing properties. Across species, this type of learning has been shown to involve subcortical brain regions such as the striatum and the amygdala. It is less clear, however, how the neural circuitry involved in the acquisition of Pavlovian contingencies in humans, particularly in the striatum, is affected by acute stress. In the current study, we investigate the effect of acute stress exposure on Pavlovian conditioning using monetary reinforcers. Participants underwent a partial reinforcement conditioning procedure in which neutral stimuli were paired with high and low magnitude monetary gains and losses. A between-subjects design was used, such that half of the participants were exposed to cold stress while the remaining participants were exposed to a no stress control procedure. Cortisol measurements and subjective ratings were used as measures of stress. We observed an interaction between stress, valence, and magnitude in the ventral striatum, with the peak in the putamen. More specifically, the stress group exhibited an increased sensitivity to magnitude in the gain domain. This effect was driven by those participants who experienced a larger increase in circulating cortisol levels in response to the stress manipulation. Taken together, these results suggest that acute stress can lead to individual differences in circulating cortisol levels which influence the striatum during Pavlovian conditioning with monetary reinforcers

What My Last Man Did

pages 96-10

Panda, Penis, Eyeball

Pages 40-4

Availability Of Dental Anomaly Phenotype In Individuals With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Background: Mutations in the APC gene cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant colorectal cancer predisposition associated with the development of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous colorectal polyps beginning in childhood or adolescence. Both malignant and non-malignant extracolonic manifestations are associated with APC gene mutations, including approximately 17% of individuals with various dental anomalies. The availability of dental anomaly information in the medical record remains to be evaluated. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for documentation of dental anomalies. Dental questionnaires were mailed to 271 individuals with FAP at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC) to assess self-reported dental phenotype. Demographic data was obtained from chart review and included current age or age at death, age at diagnosis of FAP, sex, surgical procedure for polyposis, available dental phenotype information, date of last contact at UTMDACC, and APC gene mutation and codon. Results: The response rate to the dental questionnaire was 21%. The majority of individuals (82%) were did not have dental anomaly information available in the medical record. Forty-four (16%) had self-reported dental anomalies in either the medical record or on the dental questionnaire. The most frequently reported anomalies were dental crowding and supernumerary teeth. Conclusion: Our findings are consistent with previous reports of the prevalence of dental anomalies in individuals with FAP. The results of this study indicate that dental anomalies in individuals with FAP are not consistently recorded in the medical record. Ultimately, consistent documentation of these anomalies in the medical record can aid in detection of FAP in individuals for whom genetic testing is not available. This highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches between clinicians, genetic counselors, and dentists to provide the best and most accurate clinical phenotype description in individuals with FAP

Repository as a service (RaaS)

In his oft-quoted seminal paper ‘Institutional Repositories: Essential Infrastructure For Scholarship In The Digital Age’ Clifford Lynch (2003) described the Institutional Repository as “a set of services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members.” This paper seeks instead to define the repository service at a more primitive level, without the specialism of being an ‘Institutional Repository’, and looks at how it can viewed as providing a service within appropriate boundaries, and what that could mean for the future development of repositories, our expectations of what repositories should be, and how they could fit into the set of services required to deliver an Institutional Repository service as describe by Lynch.<br/

Motherhood Story Project: Transforming Societal Perception of Mothers Through Portraiture & Storytelling

In our modern western culture, there are two drastically different views of motherhood. Society often paints mothers as women who give up on their bodies and careers to pursue a life of seemingly purposeless identity. While the reality is that women devote their entire being to the growth and development of a new human, continuing the very concept of civilization as we know it. Because of this dichotomy and plurality of worlds, mothers often feel ostracized, alone, and completely unprepared for the new journey they have embraced. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the realities of motherhood and to showcase the real-life stories that take place in the lives of women in today’s culture through portraiture and storytelling. By doing so, the real nature of motherhood will be explored and visually represented, providing the viewer with an authentic look into the lives of various types of mothers and their stories