A preparation of phenylacetone.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Civil rights and the evacuation of the West Coast Japanese

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1948. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Civil rights and the evacuation of the West Coast Japanese

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1948. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Socio-cultural factors on girls’ performance in Mathematics in the Kenya certificate of secondary education in Kathiani sub-county, Machakos county, Kenya

Introduction: In Kenya, Mathematics is a vital subject that is taught as a compulsory subject in basic education and as an optional subject at the tertiary education level. However, its performance by female students in Kenya has been lacking and especially at the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E) examination. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of socio-cultural factors on girls’ performance in Mathematics in K.C.S.E examination in Kathiani Sub- County. In particular, the study examined the location of the school and the teachers’ competence in Mathematics as the main variables. Methodology: This study used descriptive survey design that answers the questions how, what, when, and where about the phenomenon under investigation. The target population included all secondary schools for girls in Kathiani sub-County. The total enrolment of the girls constituted of the target population of the study. The target population of the study comprised of 1804 girls, 87 Mathematics teachers, and 32 principals of secondary schools. Results: The researchers established that students’ who moved least distance daily performed well compared to those who moved long distances. The study also established that teachers who are trained with high grades have been observed to produce students with good grades when compared to teachers who train to be teachers with lower grades. Recommendations: The study recommended that adequate measures should be put in place to have day schools at close proximity of the students. In addition, instructors should develop their own pedagogical methods that would meet the students’ needs for them to excel in the subject

A Numerical Investigation of the Local Ocean Response to Westerly Wind Burst Forcing in the Western Equatorial Pacific

Numerical simulations of the local equatorial ocean response to idealized westerly wind burst (WWB) forcing are described. In particular, the authors examine the development and evolution of the subsurface westward jet (SSWJ) that has been observed to accompany these wind events. This westward current is interpreted as the signature of equatorial waves that accompany the downwelling and upwelling that occurs along the edges of the wind forcing region. Some important features of the SSWJ include maximum intensity toward the eastern edge of the forcing region, a time lag between the wind forcing and peak SSWJ development, and an eastward spreading of the SSWJ with time. The effect of wind burst zonal profile, magnitude, duration, and fetch on the SSWJ are explored. The response of an initially resting ocean to WWB forcing is compared with that for model oceans that are spun up with annual-mean surface fluxes and monthly varying fluxes. It is demonstrated that the gross features of the response for the spun up simulations can be well approximated by adding the background zonal current structure prior to the introduction of the wind burst to the initially resting ocean current response to the WWB. This result suggests that the zonal current structure that is present prior to the commencement of WWB forcing plays a key role in determining whether or not a SSWJ will develop

Design of a Multiply Nested Primitive Equation Ocean Model

A new multiply nested primitive equation ocean model is presented. The model employs a two-way interactive nesting technique successfully applied for many years in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory–NOAA hurricane prediction model. The formulation of the mesh nesting algorithm allows flexibility in deciding the number of meshes and the ratio of grid resolutions between adjacent meshes. Other advanced features include realistic coastline geometry and spatially variable grid spacing. The results of various idealized experiments indicate good performance of the nesting technique. The most important feature of the model is the ability to combine large-scale and regional-scale predictions. The model is tested as a general circulation model (GCM) in a 3-yr spinup experiment of the large-scale circulation in the tropical Pacific Ocean. It demonstrates skill comparable to that of other recently developed GCMs. The resulting large-scale fields are then used in the nested configuration as initial conditions for simulations of the ocean response to a westerly wind burst and a tropical cyclone. Significant improvements over a coarse, single-mesh model have been achieved in resolving finescale features of the wind-induced current and temperature fields. These results highlight the importance of model resolution for realistic simulations of mesoscale ocean variability

Sleep disturbance in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of actigraphy studies

Background Sleep disturbance has been described as a ‘hallmark’ symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although there are robust findings of self-reported sleep disturbance in PTSD, evidence of sleep disturbance measured using actigraphy is less certain. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether there are any significant differences between individuals with and without PTSD in actigraph-derived sleep measures. Method Case-control studies comparing participants with current PTSD to those without PTSD were eligible for inclusion. Sleep parameters of interest were: (1) total sleep time; (2) sleep onset latency; (3) wake after sleep onset (WASO); and (4) sleep efficiency. Data were meta-analysed as standardised mean differences (SMDs) and potential sources of heterogeneity were explored through meta-regression. Six actigraphy studies with 405 participants were included. Results There was no evidence of a statistically significant difference between those with and without PTSD in total sleep time (SMD 0.09, 95%CI −0.23 to 0.42); WASO (SMD 0.18, 95%CI −0.06 to 0.43); sleep latency (SMD 0.32, 95%CI −0.04 to 0.69); or sleep efficiency (SMD −0.28, 95%CI −0.78 to 0.21). Conclusions Further high-quality research is required to determine whether there is a true difference in sleep between those with and without PTSD

Attitude and gender stereotypes on girls’ Mathematics performance in the Kenya certificate of secondary education in Kathiani sub-county, Kenya

Introduction: The performance of female students in Mathematics in the national examinations and especially in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E) has been perturbing for quite a long time. This menace has been partly attributed to girls’ attitude towards the subject and partly to gender stereotypes towards Mathematics. Purpose: This study aimed to examine attitude and gender stereotypes to Mathematics on girls’ performance in Mathematics in the Kenya certificate of secondary education (K.C.S.E) in the Kathiani sub-county of Machakos County- Kenya Methodology: Descriptive survey design anchored this research study. The study comprised of 1804 girls, 87 Mathematics teachers and 32 principals of secondary schools as the target population. The reliability of the research instruments was tested through the application of the test and retest criteria in two secondary schools and a correlation coefficient 0.7 and above was realized. Results: The study found that Mathematics was not an interesting subject to the girls for they hated the subject .The research further established that girls had developed a negative attitude towards the subject. The girls’ negative attitudes affect the learning and the performance in the subject. Recommendations: The teachers are advised to treat both boys and girls equally. This can be done by giving both of them the opportunities to be group leaders in their Mathematics groups as this will boost the girls’ confidence towards the subject