Intramuscular midazolam versus intravenous lorazepam for the prehospital treatment of status epilepticus in the pediatric population

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110729/1/epi12905.pd

Anomalous Dimensions and Non-Gaussianity

We analyze the signatures of inflationary models that are coupled to strongly interacting field theories, a basic class of multifield models also motivated by their role in providing dynamically small scales. Near the squeezed limit of the bispectrum, we find a simple scaling behavior determined by operator dimensions, which are constrained by the appropriate unitarity bounds. Specifically, we analyze two simple and calculable classes of examples: conformal field theories (CFTs), and large-N CFTs deformed by relevant time-dependent double-trace operators. Together these two classes of examples exhibit a wide range of scalings and shapes of the bispectrum, including nearly equilateral, orthogonal and local non-Gaussianity in different regimes. Along the way, we compare and contrast the shape and amplitude with previous results on weakly coupled fields coupled to inflation. This signature provides a precision test for strongly coupled sectors coupled to inflation via irrelevant operators suppressed by a high mass scale up to 1000 times the inflationary Hubble scale.Comment: 40 pages, 10 figure

A software tool for estimation of burden of infectious diseases in Europe using incidence-based disability adjusted life years

The burden of disease framework facilitates the assessment of the health impact of diseases through the use of summary measures of population health such as Disability- Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). However, calculating, interpreting and communicating the results of studies using this methodology poses a challenge. The aim of the Burden of Commu

Einstein-Yang-Mills Isolated Horizons: Phase Space, Mechanics, Hair and Conjectures

The concept of "Isolated Horizon" has been recently used to provide a full Hamiltonian treatment of black holes. It has been applied successfully to the cases of {\it non-rotating}, {\it non-distorted} black holes in Einstein Vacuum, Einstein-Maxwell and Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton Theories. In this note, it is investigated the extent to which the framework can be generalized to the case of non-Abelian gauge theories where `hairy black holes' are known to exist. It is found that this extension is indeed possible, despite the fact that in general, there is no `canonical normalization' yielding a preferred Horizon Mass. In particular the zeroth and first laws are established for all normalizations. Colored static spherically symmetric black hole solutions to the Einstein-Yang-Mills equations are considered from this perspective. A canonical formula for the Horizon Mass of such black holes is found. This analysis is used to obtain nontrivial relations between the masses of the colored black holes and the regular solitonic solutions in Einstein-Yang-Mills theory. A general testing bed for the instability of hairy black holes in general non-linear theories is suggested. As an example, the embedded Abelian magnetic solutions are considered. It is shown that, within this framework, the total energy is also positive and thus, the solutions are potentially unstable. Finally, it is discussed which elements would be needed to place the Isolated Horizons framework for Einstein-Yang-Mills theory in the same footing as the previously analyzed cases. Motivated by these considerations and using the fact that the Isolated Horizons framework seems to be the appropriate language to state uniqueness and completeness conjectures for the EYM equations --in terms of the horizon charges--, two such conjectures are put forward.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, Revtex fil

Non-minimally coupled scalar fields and isolated horizons

The isolated horizon framework is extended to include non-minimally coupled scalar fields. As expected from the analysis based on Killing horizons, entropy is no longer given just by (a quarter of) the horizon area but also depends on the scalar field. In a subsequent paper these results will serve as a point of departure for a statistical mechanical derivation of entropy using quantum geometry.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure, revtex4. References and minor clarifications adde

TRIM33 switches off Ifnb1 gene transcription during the late phase of macrophage activation

Despite its importance during viral or bacterial infections, transcriptional regulation of the interferon-β gene (Ifnb1) in activated macrophages is only partially understood. Here we report that TRIM33 deficiency results in high, sustained expression of Ifnb1 at late stages of toll-like receptor-mediated activation in macrophages but not in fibroblasts. In macrophages, TRIM33 is recruited by PU.1 to a conserved region, the Ifnb1 Control Element (ICE), located 15 kb upstream of the Ifnb1 transcription start site. ICE constitutively interacts with Ifnb1 through a TRIM33-independent chromatin loop. At late phases of lipopolysaccharide activation of macrophages, TRIM33 is bound to ICE, regulates Ifnb1 enhanceosome loading, controls Ifnb1 chromatin structure and represses Ifnb1 gene transcription by preventing recruitment of CBP/p300. These results characterize a previously unknown mechanism of macrophage-specific regulation of Ifnb1 transcription whereby TRIM33 is critical for Ifnb1 gene transcription shutdown

Lower-order ODEs to determine new twisting type N Einstein spaces via CR geometry

In the search for vacuum solutions, with or without a cosmological constant, of the Einstein field equations of Petrov type N with twisting principal null directions, the CR structures to describe the parameter space for a congruence of such null vectors provide a very useful tool. A work of Hill, Lewandowski and Nurowski has given a good foundation for this, reducing the field equations to a set of differential equations for two functions, one real, one complex, of three variables. Under the assumption of the existence of one Killing vector, the (infinite-dimensional) classical symmetries of those equations are determined and group-invariant solutions are considered. This results in a single ODE of the third order which may easily be reduced to one of the second order. A one-parameter class of power series solutions, g(w), of this second-order equation is realized, holomorphic in a neighborhood of the origin and behaving asymptotically as a simple quadratic function plus lower-order terms for large values of w, which constitutes new solutions of the twisting type N problem. The solution found by Leroy, and also by Nurowski, is shown to be a special case in this class. Cartan's method for determining equivalence of CR manifolds is used to show that this class is indeed much more general. In addition, for a special choice of a parameter, this ODE may be integrated once, to provide a first-order Abel equation. It can also determine new solutions to the field equations although no general solution has yet been found for it.Comment: 28 page