Shortened procedure for obtaining reproducible copies of 35 mm color slides

Technique to reduce the steps required to obtain reproducible copies of 35 mm color slides has been developed. A 35 mm slide is projected directly onto a Xerox plate, eliminating the necessity to produce a film positive of the slide

Comparison of approximate and numerical analyses of nonlinear combustion instability

At the present time, there are three general analytical techniques available to study problems of unsteady motions in rocket motors: linear stability analysis; approximate nonlinear analysis, founded on examining the behavior of coupled normal modes; and numerical calculations based on the conservation equations for one-dimensional flows. The last two yield the linear results as a limit. It is the main purpose of this paper to check the accuracy of the approximate analysis against the numerical analysis for some special cases. The results provide some justification for using the approximate analysis to study three dimensional problems

A method of eliminating hydrogen maser wall shift

Maser output frequency shift was prevented by storage bulb kept at temperature at which wall shift is zero and effects of bulb size, shape, and surface texture are eliminated. Servo system is shown, along with bidirectional counter

System automatically tunes hydrogen masers

Automatic tuning system permits frequency synchronization between two hydrogen masers. System matches spaceborne clock performance with that of ground-based clock to test red shift theory. This system, used in conjunction with radio astronomy for long-baseline interferometer experiments, serves as a tool for investigation of distant universe phenomena

A fluid description of plasma double-layers

The space-charge double-layer that forms between two plasmas with different densities and thermal energies was investigated using three progressively realistic models which are treated by fluid theory, and take into account four species of particles: electrons and ions reflected by the double-layer, and electrons and ions transmitted through it. The two plasmas are assumed to be cold, and the self-consistent potential, electric field and space-charge distributions within the double-layer are determined. The effects of thermal velocities are taken into account for the reflected particles, and the modifications to the cold plasma solutions are established. Further modifications due to thermal velocities of the transmitted particles are examined. The applicability of a one dimensional fluid description, rather than plasma kinetic theory, is discussed. Theoretical predictions are compared with double layer potentials and lengths deduced from laboratory and space plasma experiments

Langmuir probe measurements of double-layers in a pulsed discharge

Langmuir probe measurements were carried out which confirm the occurrence of double-layers in an argon positive column. Pulsing the discharge current permitted probe measurements to be performed in the presence of the double-layer. Supplementary evidence, obtained from DC and pulsed discharges, indicated that the double-layers formed in the two modes of operation were similar. The double-layers observed were weak and stable; their relation to other classes of double-layers are discussed, and directions for future work are suggested

Test system accurately determines tensile properties of irradiated metals at cryogenic temperatures

Modified testing system determines tensile properties of irradiated brittle-type metals at cryogenic temperatures. The system includes a lightweight cryostat, split-screw grips, a universal joint, and a special temperature control system

Hydrogen-maser time and frequency standard at Agassiz Observatory

Installation of hydrogen maser for very long baseline interferometr

Gravitational redshift space-probe experiment

A Scout D rocket was launched from Wallops Island, Virginia, carrying an atomic hydrogen maser oscillator system as the payload. The frequency of signals from the oscillator was monitored on the ground at Merritt Island, Florida, by using two hydrogen masers as comparison oscillators. The first-order Doppler shift in the signals was eliminated by a go-return transponder link to the payload, and the resulting data, representing the relativistic shifts, were recovered and recorded. The objective was to measure directly the effect of gravitational potential on the frequency of an atomic hydrogen maser assuming it to be a 'proper' clock. A gravitational effect amounting to some 4.5 parts in 10 to the 10th power was measured with an oscillator having a stability better than 1 part in 10 to the 14th power. Therefore, to make the best possible use of the oscillator, all frequency shifts at the 2 to 5 X 10 to the -15 power level in delta f/f in the system must be accounted for. This includes all the phase variations that can cause such a shift to appear. The experiment, the data available and the manner in which they were processed, and the results are described