Влияние БОС-тренинга на эффективность когнитивных тренировок у пациентов с инсультом

Original manuscript received March 03, 2020.Revised manuscript accepted March 30, 2020.Introduction. The clinical significance of cognitive impairments remaining in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents (stroke) in the second rehabilitation period actualizes the need for their correction. The technique of cognitive training shows a high degree of cognitive function recovery, but negative emotional states that may occur in patients during rehabilitation may reduce its positive effect. In this regard, the use of biofeedback (BFB) training to stabilize the patients’ psycho-emotional state before cognitive training can increase its effectiveness. Purpose. To evaluate the impact of BFB-training on the effectiveness of cognitive training in patients with acute cerebrovascular disorders in the second rehabilitation period. Design. 41 post-stroke patients (ischemic stroke) in their late recovery period with varying degrees of cognitive impairments, not reaching the level of dementia, completed a course of standard rehabilitation and psychological treatment, including cognitive training sessions. Of these, 20 patients (the experimental group), before cognitive training, additionally underwent a BFB-training based on the skin conductance parameter. Psychodiagnostic evaluation conducted before and after the rehabilitation course included a study of visual and auditory-speech memory, volume, distribution, and attention switching, the level of depression, as well as unconscious and conscious anxiety. Results. After the course of rehabilitation and psychological treatment, the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in all cognitive functions and indicators of psycho-emotional state. Positive dynamics in the control group is observed only in the cognitive sphere. The level of cognitive functions in the experimental group after the rehabilitation course was significantly higher than in the control one. Conclusions. An additional inclusion of BFB-training in the course of rehabilitation and psychological treatment helps to increase the effectiveness of cognitive training by stabilizing the psycho-emotional state, as well as by providing a positive impact of biofeedback methods on cognitive functions.Введение. Клиническая значимость сохраняющихся когнитивных нарушений у пациентов с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения во втором реабилитационном периоде актуализирует необходимость их коррекции. Метод когнитивных тренировок показывает высокую степень восстановления когнитивных функций, однако негативные эмоциональные состояния, которые иногда возникают у пациентов в процессе реабилитации, могут снижать его положительное влияние. Использование БОС-тренинга для стабилизации психоэмоционального состояния перед когнитивными тренировками может повысить их эффективность. Цель. Оценить влияние БОС-тренинга на эффективность когнитивных тренировок у пациентов с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения во втором реабилитационном периоде. Дизайн. 41 пациент с ишемическим инсультом в позднем восстановительном периоде с разной степенью когнитивного снижения, не достигающего уровня деменции, прошел курс стандартных реабилитационно-психологических мероприятий, содержащий когнитивные тренировки. Из них 20 пациентов (экспериментальная группа) дополнительно перед тренировками проходили БОС-тренинг по параметру электрической кожной проводимости. Психодиагностическая оценка, проводимая до и после курса реабилитации, включала исследование зрительной и слухоречевой памяти, объема, распределения и переключения внимания, уровня депрессии, а также неосознаваемой и осознаваемой тревоги. Результаты. После курса реабилитационно-психологических мероприятий в экспериментальной группе отмечено статистически значимое улучшение всех когнитивных функций и показателей психоэмоционального состояния. Положительная динамика в контрольной группе наблюдалась только в когнитивной сфере. Уровень когнитивных функций в экспериментальной группе после курса реабилитации был достоверно выше, чем в контрольной. Выводы. Дополнительное включение БОС-тренинга в курс реабилитационнопсихологических мероприятий способствует повышению эффективности когнитивных тренировок за счет стабилизации психоэмоционального состояния, а также положительного влияния методов биоуправления на когнитивные функции.The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project № 18-013-00937 “A biopsychosocial approach to rehabilitation of patients with cerebrovascular diseases: An integrative psychological model of health evaluation”

EVOLUTION OF THE INTEGRATED STRUCTURES IN METALLURGY

The characteristic of integration process from the point of view of modern economic theories is given. Existing corporate forms of integration structures of large business are analysed. Motives of associations in such structures are revealed. Tendencies of formation and functioning of corporations in metallurgy of the country are analysed. Branch and territorial factors of integration process, and also stages of creation of the integrated structures in the Russian metallurgy are isolated

Synthesis of Novel Benzo[<i>b</i>][1,6]naphthyridine Derivatives and Investigation of Their Potential as Scaffolds of MAO Inhibitors

In this work, 2-alkyl-10-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridines were obtained and their reactivity was studied. Novel derivatives of the tricyclic scaffold, including 1-phenylethynyl (5), 1-indol-3-yl (8), and azocino[4,5-b]quinoline (10) derivatives, were synthesized and characterized herein for the first time. Among the newly synthesized derivatives, 5c–h proved to be MAO B inhibitors with potency in the low micromolar range. In particular, the 1-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethynyl) analog 5g achieved an IC50 of 1.35 μM, a value close to that of the well-known MAO B inhibitor pargyline

Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Novel 1<i>H</i>-Chromeno[3,2-<i>c</i>]pyridine Derivatives as MAO Inhibitors Endowed with Potential Anticancer Activity

About twenty molecules sharing 1H-chromeno[3,2-c]pyridine as the scaffold and differing in the degree of saturation of the pyridine ring, oxidation at C10, 1-phenylethynyl at C1 and 1H-indol-3-yl fragments at C10, as well as a few small substituents at C6 and C8, were synthesized starting from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methylchromeno[3,2-c]pyridin-10-ones (1,2,3,4-THCP-10-ones, 1) or 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-1H-chromeno[3,2-c]pyridines (2,3-DHPCs, 2). The newly synthesized compounds were tested as inhibitors of the human isoforms of monoamine oxidase (MAO A and B) and cholinesterase (AChE and BChE), and the following main SARs were inferred: (i) The 2,3-DHCP derivatives 2 inhibit MAO A (IC50 about 1 μM) preferentially; (ii) the 1,2,3,4-THCP-10-one 3a, bearing the phenylethynyl fragment at C1, returned as a potent MAO B inhibitor (IC50 0.51 μM) and moderate inhibitor of both ChEs (IC50s 7–8 μM); (iii) the 1H-indol-3-yl fragment at C10 slightly increases the MAO B inhibition potency, with the analog 6c achieving MAO B IC50 of 3.51 μM. The MAO B inhibitor 3a deserves further pharmacological studies as a remedy in the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson’s disease and neuroprotectant for Alzheimer’s disease. Besides the established neuroprotective effects of MAO inhibitors, the role of MAOs in tumor insurgence and progression has been recently reported. Herein, antiproliferative assays with breast (MCF-7), colon (HCT116) and cisplatin-resistant ovarian (SK-OV-3) tumor cells revealed that the 10-indolyl-bearing 2,3,4,10-THCP analog 6c exerts anti-tumor activity with IC50s in the range 4.83–11.3 μM