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中尾恭三/

Characterising termite mounds in a tropical savanna with UAV laser scanning

Termite mounds are found over vast areas in northern Australia, delivering essential ecosystem services, such as enhancing nutrient cycling and promoting biodiversity. Currently, the detection of termite mounds over large areas requires airborne laser scanning (ALS) or high-resolution satellite data, which lack precise information on termite mound shape and size. For detailed structural measurements, we generally rely on time-consuming field assessments that can only cover a limited area. In this study, we explore if unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based observations can serve as a precise and scalable tool for termite mound detection and morphological characterisation. We collected a unique data set of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and UAV laser scanning (UAV-LS) point clouds of a woodland savanna site in Litchfield National Park (Australia). We developed an algorithm that uses several empirical parameters for the semi-automated detection of termite mounds from UAV-LS and used the TLS data set (1 ha) for benchmarking. We detected 81% and 72% of the termite mounds in the high resolution (1800 points m−2) and low resolution (680 points m−2) UAV-LS data, respectively, resulting in an average detection of eight mounds per hectare. Additionally, we successfully extracted information about mound height and volume from the UAV-LS data. The high resolution data set resulted in more accurate estimates; however, there is a trade-off between area and detectability when choosing the required resolution for termite mound detection Our results indicate that UAV-LS data can be rapidly acquired and used to monitor and map termite mounds over relatively large areas with higher spatial detail compared to airborne and spaceborne remote sensing

3D finite compartment modeling of formation and healing of bruises may identify methods for age determination of bruises

Simulating the spatial and temporal behavior of bruises may identify methods that allow accurate age determination of bruises to assess child abuse. We developed a numerical 3D model to simulate the spatial kinetics of hemoglobin and bilirubin during the formation and healing of bruises. Using this model, we studied how skin thickness, bruise diameter and diffusivities affect the formation and healing of circular symmetric bruises and compared a simulated bruise with a natural inhomogeneous bruise. Healing is faster for smaller bruises in thinner and less dense skin. The simulated and natural bruises showed similar spatial and temporal dynamics. The different spatio-temporal dynamics of hemoglobin and bilirubin allows age determination of model bruises. Combining our model predictions with individual natural bruises may allow optimizing our model parameters. It may particularly identify methods for more accurate age determination than currently possible to aid the assessment of child abuse

Effects of body position on autonomic regulation of cardiovascular function in young, healthy adults

Background: Analysis of rhythmic patterns embedded within beat-to-beat variations in heart rate (heart rate variability) is a tool used to assess the balance of cardiac autonomic nervous activity and may be predictive for prognosis of some medical conditions, such as myocardial infarction. It has also been used to evaluate the impact of manipulative therapeutics and body position on autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, few have compared cardiac autonomic activity in supine and prone positions, postures commonly assumed by patients in manual therapy. We intend to redress this deficiency. Methods: Heart rate, heart rate variability, and beat-to-beat blood pressure were measured in young, healthy non-smokers, during prone, supine, and sitting postures and with breathing paced at 0.25 Hz. Data were recorded for 5 minutes in each posture: Day 1 - prone and supine; Day 2 - prone and sitting. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to evaluate posture-related differences in blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability. Results: Prone versus supine: blood pressure and heart rate were significantly higher in the prone posture (p < 0.001). Prone versus sitting: blood pressure was higher and heart rate was lower in the prone posture (p < 0.05) and significant differences were found in some components of heart rate variability. Conclusion: Cardiac autonomic activity was not measurably different in prone and supine postures, but heart rate and blood pressure were. Although heart rate variability parameters indicated sympathetic dominance during sitting (supporting work of others), blood pressure was higher in the prone posture. These differences should be considered when autonomic regulation of cardiovascular function is studied in different postures

Roman Women in a corporate State ?

The paper argues that Romans conceived their society as structured like a body of cohering collective groups ; that individual women could act only as go-betweens, within or beyond them, while the activities of women in groups, even for religious purposes, could be anomalous, dangerous, or ridiculous. Only changes brought by the Principate, and resisted by some Principes, enabled privileged individuals to try to go beyond those bounds.Selon l’article, les Romains ont conçu leur société comme un corps composé d’une série de collectivités indissolubles ; ce qui entraîne que les femmes ne puissent agir que comme intermédiaires soit à l’intérieur des groupes, soit hors d’eux. L’activité des femmes en groupes, même religieux, paraissait anormale, menaçante, voire ridicule. C’est à partir du Principat seulement, et en dépit de certains Principes, que des individualités féminines exceptionnelles ont pu essayer d’outrepasser les limites imposées.Levick Barbara. Roman Women in a corporate State ?. In: Ktèma : civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques, N°19, 1994. Hommage à Edmond Frézouls – II. pp. 259-267

Girdled by Hills: Culture and Religion in Phrygia Outside the Polis

Parasitism has been a model for relations between city and hinterland, with population sometimes touchingly modest, known from materials that need scholarly apology. That model has been revised. It does not do justice to what poleis, especially religious or assize centers, contributed, in protection or culturally and economically. Chorae beyond polis territory were exploited; Araguan coloni are victims (OGI, 519). Profits might be siphoned off to distant magnates or, like those from Phrygian ..