78 research outputs found
La thĂ©rapie par observation dâaction (TOA) dans la maladie de Parkinson
Travail d'intĂ©gration rĂ©alisĂ© dans le cadre du cours PHT-6113.ProblĂ©matique: La maladie de Parkinson (MP) est une pathologie neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rative affectant les noyaux gris centraux et est caractĂ©risĂ©e par quatre signes moteurs cardinaux: tremblements au repos, bradykinĂ©sie/akinĂ©sie, rigiditĂ© et instabilitĂ© posturale. Les symptĂŽmes limitent la performance aux tĂąches fonctionnelles et augmentent le risque de chutes. Actuellement, les interventions en physiothĂ©rapie avec les personnes parkinsoniennes sont limitĂ©es. La thĂ©rapie par observation dâaction (TOA) est une approche de rĂ©Ă©ducation prometteuse.
Objectifs: Décrire la physiopathologie de la MP, les outils cliniques pour évaluer les parkinsoniens, les particularités liées aux tùches fonctionnelles et les bases neurophysiologiques sous-tendant la TOA dans le but de déterminer les lignes directrices de cette thérapie auprÚs des parkinsoniens.
StratĂ©gie mĂ©thodologique: Les bases EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed et Cochrane ont Ă©tĂ© consultĂ©es pour la recension dâarticles en lien avec les objectifs.
RĂ©sultats: Aucun principe dâapplication de la TOA nâest dĂ©crit prĂ©cisĂ©ment et aucun consensus nâest Ă©tabli sur les meilleurs outils dâĂ©valuation Ă utiliser avec la clientĂšle parkinsonienne pour mesurer lâeffet de la TOA. Lâanalyse de la littĂ©rature permet de suggĂ©rer trois tĂąches fonctionnelles Ă pratiquer avec la TOA, soit lâatteinte dâune cible avec
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le membre supĂ©rieur, le transfert assis-debout et la marche. Il est aussi possible de proposer certaines lignes directrices pour lâĂ©valuation clinique et la mise en pratique de la TOA.
Conclusion: Le projet a permis de proposer certaines lignes directrices pour lâutilisation de la TOA chez les parkinsoniens. Ces recommandations seront prĂ©sentĂ©es aux cliniciens afin de les outiller pour appliquer la TOA et Ă©tudier ses effets avec cette clientĂšle
Nouvelle méthode de synthÚse de matériaux bidimensionnels riches en carbone à partir de polydiacétylÚnes
LâintĂ©rĂȘt pour les nanomatĂ©riaux, tel que les fullerĂšnes, les nanotubes de carbone et les nanoparticules, est en constante croissance depuis le milieu des annĂ©es quatre-vingt. Parmi ces nanomatĂ©riaux, un qui attire particuliĂšrement lâintĂ©rĂȘt des chercheurs est le nanoruban de graphĂšne, soit une feuille de graphĂšne ayant une largeur de moins de 50 nm. Ătant donnĂ© les faibles dimensions de ce matĂ©riau, qui crĂ©ent un confinement quantique, et du motif de ses parois, les nanorubans de graphĂšne ont des propriĂ©tĂ©s Ă©lectroniques qui peuvent ĂȘtre diffĂ©rentes de celles du graphĂšne. De plus, celles-ci sont modulables, câest-Ă -dire que la valeur de la bande interdite peut ĂȘtre contrĂŽlĂ©e en variant diffĂ©rents facteurs. Les nanorubans de graphĂšne peuvent donc ĂȘtre des semi-conducteurs avec diffĂ©rentes valeurs de bande interdite alors que le graphĂšne est un matĂ©riau qui a une valeur de bande interdite nulle. MalgrĂ© le grand intĂ©rĂȘt pour les nanorubans de graphĂšne, il nâexiste encore aucune mĂ©thode de synthĂšse, physique ou chimique, qui permet, Ă grande Ă©chelle, le contrĂŽle des propriĂ©tĂ©s Ă©lectroniques. Dans le cadre de ce projet, nous avons voulu dĂ©velopper une mĂ©thode alternative, appelĂ©e mĂ©thode hybride, afin dâobtenir un nanoruban de graphĂšne. La stratĂ©gie principale se base sur la rĂ©activitĂ© de lâunitĂ© 1,3-diarylbutadiyne qui peut polymĂ©riser par rĂ©action topochimique sous irradiation UV pour former un nanoruban de polydiacĂ©tylĂšne (PDA). Pour permettre ce type de rĂ©actions, des paramĂštres trĂšs stricts doivent ĂȘtre respectĂ©s et il est possible de les obtenir en auto-assemblant des prĂ©curseurs linĂ©aires, contenant des unitĂ©s 1,3-diarylbutadiyne, sous forme de gel. Nous avons donc dĂ©veloppĂ© ces prĂ©curseurs, en choisissant avec soin les fonctions prĂ©sentes sur ceux-ci, afin de permettre lâauto-assemblage sous forme de gel. Par la suite, ces prĂ©curseurs auto-assemblĂ©s ont permis dâobtenir, aprĂšs irradiation, des feuillets de PDA. Finalement, les PDAs ont Ă©tĂ© graphitisĂ©s par voie thermique. Afin de mieux comprendre la rĂ©activitĂ© et lâinfluence des unitĂ©s aryles prĂ©sentes dans nos PDAs, nous avons Ă©tendu notre Ă©tude Ă une nouvelle famille de prĂ©curseurs. Ceux-ci nâĂ©taient pas linĂ©aires, ils avaient plutĂŽt un motif en forme « V », câest-Ă -dire avec les butadiynes en position 1,3 sur un phĂ©nyle central. De plus, nous avons Ă©valuĂ© lâeffet des diffĂ©rentes fonctions des prĂ©curseurs sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s de gĂ©lification
à la croisée des genres : trajectoires et identités "trans" au Québec
Ce mĂ©moire porte sur les trajectoires et les identitĂ©s trans au QuĂ©bec. Il sâappuie sur les rĂ©cits de
vie de 11 personnes sâidentifiant trans au QuĂ©bec, afin de mieux comprendre lâinfluence des
normes sociales de genre sur leur parcours de vie et la façon dont elles se manifestent dans le
cadre des interactions sociales quotidiennes. FondĂ©e Ă la fois sur des rĂ©cits de vie dâhommes et
de femmes trans, cette recherche a ainsi pour but de mesurer lâimpact dâun systĂšme de normes
basé sur la binarité des genres. Cette lecture croisée des genres permet de mettre en lumiÚre les
principales convergences et divergences entre les expériences des hommes trans et celles des
femmes trans. Dans un premier temps, la recherche montre que la trajectoire identitaire de genre
prend place, pour tous et toutes, dĂšs lâenfance, pĂ©riode oĂč cette question du genre serait prĂ©sente,
mais en « sommeil ». La pĂ©riode de lâadolescence Ă©quivaut ensuite Ă une pĂ©riode dâĂ©veil aux
stigmates qui les aurait menĂ©-es Ă intĂ©rioriser leur diffĂ©rence. LâĂąge adulte -le prĂ©sent- est le
moment dâextĂ©riorisation identitaire qui sâinscrit dans une sĂ©rie dâexpĂ©riences de transition. Dans
un deuxiÚme temps, cette étude fera état des inégalités sociales de genre et des inégalités
transidentitaires, et de la façon dont ces deux formes dâinĂ©galitĂ©s sâarticulent, notamment dans le
cadre des espaces publics et des interactions sociales. Les principaux résultats montrent que les
femmes trans Ă lâĂ©tude vivent en majoritĂ© plus dâinĂ©galitĂ©s sociales liĂ©es Ă leur genre et Ă sa non-conformitĂ©.
Inversement, les hommes trans Ă lâĂ©tude vivent aussi ces inĂ©galitĂ©s, mais acquiĂšrent
parallÚlement certains privilÚges sociaux.This master thesis treats of the trans identities and trajectories in Québec. It leans mainly on the
life narrative of 11 people who identify as trans in Québec in order to better understand the
influences of social and gender norms on their life journey, and the way they are manifested in
the context of daily interactions. Based on both trans men and trans womenâs life stories, this
research thus has as a goal to measure the impact of a system of norms based on the binarity of
genders. This crossed reading of genders allows some light to be shed on the principal
convergences and differences between the experiences of trans men and trans women. Firstly,
the research demonstrates that the gender identity trajectory takes place for one and all as soon as
during childhood, period during which the gender identity question is present, but at a âdormantâ
stage. Then, the adolescence period is the equivalent of an awakening process to the stigmas that
brought them to internalize their difference. Adulthood -the present- is the exteriorization of
identity phase, which is transcribed through a series of transitional experiences. Secondly, this
study will report of the social inequalities of gender as well as the transidentitary inequalities,
and how those two forms of inequality interact, namely in a public space as well as social
interaction context. The main results show that the trans women in the study experience a
majority of social inequality regarding their gender and its non-conformity. Conversely, the trans
men in the study also go through these inequalities, but in a parallel fashion, also acquire certain
social privileges
Narcissism, Sensation Seeking, Depression, Anxiety, and Cognitive Distortions: Comparative Analysis Between Poker and Video Lottery Terminal Players
According to the psycho-structural interaction model, the interaction between structural characteristics of a gambling game and playerâs characteristics could foster the development of gambling problems. Those interactions may vary according to the types of game played. This study aims to compare poker and video lottery terminals players (VLTs) on six psychological characteristics (narcissism, sensation seeking, depression, anxiety, cognitive distortions and problem gambling severity) and to examine cognitive distortions as a mediator between personality/mood disturbance and problem gambling severity. The sample consisted of 191 poker players and 81 VLT players. Standard assessments were completed online and by phone within a cross-sectional design. As compared to the VLT group, the poker group mean scores were higher on narcissism and sensation seeking but lower on depression. Multi-group measurement invariance analysis show non-invariance between poker and VLT players. Mediation analysis revealed an indirect effect of narcissism on problem gambling severity for both groups. Narcissism effect on problem gambling severity scores was mediated by cognitive distortions. However, for VLT players only, cognitive distortions positively mediated the effect of depression scores on problem gambling severity. Findings illustrate the differences between groups and show the importance of considering playersâ characteristics according to their preferred type of game. This study supports the development of explanatory theories of gambling behavior that take into account specific gambling contexts. The implications for clinical management are discussed
University-SME collaboration and open innovation: Intellectual-property management tools and the roles of intermediaries
In 2009, the Conseil de la science et de la technologie du QuĂ©bec (CST) made 13 recommendations to the Government of Quebec in order to shift innovative actors towards open-innovation practices adapted to the province's context: diversified economic sectors, a majority of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), public universities, etc. Among these recommendations are: i) to set up flexible mechanisms to promote research collaboration between public-private sectors such as universities and SMEs, and ii) to optimize intermediation bodiesâ contribution to establish open-innovation practices. Furthermore, the lack of adequate understanding and tools for the management of intellectual property (IP) was identified as a major inhibitor of open-innovation practices, to which actors should pay specific attention. In this article, we present results and recommendations from a field study focused on two groups of actors: i) companies involved in collaborative innovation and ii) intermediary agents enabling innovation and technology transfer. Our first goal was to shed some light on factors that facilitate open innovation through improved university-enterprise collaborations and, more importantly, that attempt to overcome the irritants related to IP management. Our second goal was to analyze the roles of diverse intermediaries in the fostering of successful collaborations between universities and SMEs.
Our study yielded three findings: i) SMEs do not care about understanding and improving their capabilities about IP and are not equipped with adequate tools and best practices for managing IP and for managing the overall collaborative mechanisms in general; ii) this gap in preparation for open innovation is persistent, since even the intermediaries, whose role is to guide SMEs in university-enterprise collaborations, suffer themselves from the lack of appropriate IP transfer and sharing tools, and do not perceive the need to offer better support in this regard; and iii) overall, current IP-transfer and collaboration-management tools are not sophisticated enough to provide appropriate support for the implementation of open innovation, by which we mean more open and collaborative innovation in the context of university-enterprise collaborations
On the interaction of acetone with electrophilic metallocavitands having extended cavities
We report the synthesis and characterization of tantalumâboronate trimetallic clusters of general formula {[Cp*Ta]3(ÎŒ2-RB(O)2)3(ÎŒ2-OH)(ÎŒ2-O)2(ÎŒ3-OH)} (R= 4-(C6H5)(C6H4) (Ta3-4Ph), 4-(C6H5O)(C6H4) (Ta3-4OPh), 4-(C7H7O)(C6H4) (Ta3-4OBn), 4-(C8H5)(C6H4) (Ta3-4PhEt), and 4-(C12H7)(C6H4) (Ta3-4Napht)). All complexes have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The trimetallic species feature a large Lewis acid type cavity allowing for substrate binding in both the solid and the liquid state using a unique electrostatic interaction and a hydrogen bond. ÎH° and ÎS° values for association of acetone with the complexes vary between â2.0 and â4.1 kcal·molâ1 and â3 and 2 cal·molâ1·Kâ1, respectively, showing weaker binding than smaller cavitands of the same type. The barrier for acetone exchange at equilibrium is similar for all complexes, and ÎH⥠values vary between 8.2 and 11.4 kcal·molâ1
Implications of Proprotein Convertases in Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumor Progression: Insights for PACE4 as a Therapeutic Target
AbstractProprotein convertases are a family of kexin-like serine proteases that process proteins at single and multiple basic residues. Among the predicted and identified PC substrates, an increasing number of proteins having functions in cancer progression indicate that PCs may be potential targets for antineoplastic drugs. In support of this notion, we identified PACE4 as a vital PC involved in prostate cancer proliferation and progression, contrasting with the other co-expressed PCs. The aim of the present study was to test the importance of PCs in ovarian cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression. Based on tissue-expression profiles, furin, PACE4, PC5/6 and PC7 all displayed increased expression in primary tumor, ascites cells and metastases. These PCs were also expressed in variable levels in three model ovarian cell lines tested, namely SKOV3, CAOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Since SKOV3 cells closely represented the PC expression profile of ovarian cancer cells, we chose them to test the effects of PC silencing using stable gene-silencing shRNA strategy to generate knockdown SKOV3 cells for each expressed PC. In vitro and in vivo assays confirmed the role of PACE4 in the sustainment of SKOV3 cell proliferation, which was not observed with the other three PCs. We also tested PACE4 peptide inhibitors on all three cell lines and observed consequent reduced cell proliferation which was correlated with PACE4 expression. Overall, these data support a role of PACE4 in promoting cell proliferation in ovarian cancer and provides further evidence for PACE4 as a potential therapeutic target
Carbohydrate-active enzymes from the zygomycete fungus Rhizopus oryzae: a highly specialized approach to carbohydrate degradation depicted at genome level
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Rhizopus oryzae </it>is a zygomycete filamentous fungus, well-known as a saprobe ubiquitous in soil and as a pathogenic/spoilage fungus, causing Rhizopus rot and mucomycoses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Carbohydrate Active enzyme (CAZy) annotation of the <it>R. oryzae </it>identified, in contrast to other filamentous fungi, a low number of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and a high number of glycosyl transferases (GTs) and carbohydrate esterases (CEs). A detailed analysis of CAZy families, supported by growth data, demonstrates highly specialized plant and fungal cell wall degrading abilities distinct from ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. The specific genomic and growth features for degradation of easily digestible plant cell wall mono- and polysaccharides (starch, galactomannan, unbranched pectin, hexose sugars), chitin, chitosan, ÎČ-1,3-glucan and fungal cell wall fractions suggest specific adaptations of <it>R. oryzae </it>to its environment.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>CAZy analyses of the genome of the zygomycete fungus <it>R. oryzae </it>and comparison to ascomycetes and basidiomycete species revealed how evolution has shaped its genetic content with respect to carbohydrate degradation, after divergence from the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.</p
Comment évaluer les habiletés fonctionnelles et l'efficacité de la réadaptation post-fasciectomie chez les individus ayant la maladie de Dupuytren? : une revue systématique et un essai pilote randomisé
ThĂšse ou mĂ©moire avec insertion d'articlesLes dĂ©formations en flexion des doigts liĂ©es Ă la maladie de Dupuytren peuvent ĂȘtre rĂ©duites chirurgicalement afin de remĂ©dier aux difficultĂ©s fonctionnelles qu'elles occasionnent. Des Ă©tudes ont soulignĂ© la pertinence du suivi postopĂ©ratoire en rĂ©adaptation sans ĂȘtre prĂ©cises concernant le contenu et la forme qu'il doit prendre. L'objectif principal de ce mĂ©moire Ă©tait d'Ă©valuer la faisabilitĂ© de conduire un essai clinique randomisĂ© comparant les effets d'un suivi de rĂ©adaptation post-fasciectomie court Ă ceux d'un suivi intense sur les habiletĂ©s fonctionnelles et motrices des personnes ayant la maladie de Dupuytren. Puisque plusieurs questionnaires fonctionnels auto-rapportĂ©s peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s pour documenter les difficultĂ©s fonctionnelles liĂ©es Ă la maladie de Dupuytren, une premiĂšre Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer le ou les questionnaire(s) fonctionnel(s) possĂ©dant les meilleures propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©trologiques pour cette population. Cette premiĂšre Ă©tude a adoptĂ© la mĂ©thodologie d'une revue systĂ©matique, et les rĂ©sultats ont ciblĂ© l'utilisation du Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ) pour documenter les difficultĂ©s fonctionnelles liĂ©es Ă la maladie de Dupuytren dans l'Ă©tude principale. Ensuite, afin de rĂ©pondre Ă l'objectif principal du mĂ©moire, un essai pilote randomisĂ© prenant la mĂȘme forme que l'essai clinique randomisĂ© projetĂ©, mais Ă plus petite Ă©chelle, a Ă©tĂ© complĂ©tĂ© auprĂšs de dix participants. Un taux de recrutement de 83.33% a Ă©tĂ© obtenu. Les taux d'adhĂ©rence aux traitements et aux Ă©valuations Ă©taient respectivement de 90% et 87.5%. Une seule complication post-opĂ©ratoire est survenue. Les 2 groupes (suivi de faible intensitĂ© n = 6; suivi intense n=4) ont amĂ©liorĂ©s significativement dans le temps leurs habiletĂ©s fonctionnelles et leur fonction motrice. L'Ă©tude pilote a dĂ©montrĂ© que la rĂ©alisation d'un essai clinique randomisĂ© comparant deux suivis de rĂ©adaptation post-fasciectomie est envisageable sans modification majeure Ă la mĂ©thodologie employĂ©e dans le cadre de l'Ă©tude pilote. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus lors de l'essai pilote pourront ainsi ĂȘtre combinĂ©s Ă ceux de l'Ă©tude projetĂ©e.Finger flexion contractures related to Dupuytren's disease (DD) can be surgically reduced to address the functional limitations they create. Studies have highlighted the relevance of postoperative hand therapy without being very specific about the content and form it should take. The main objective of this master's thesis is to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial comparing the effects of two post-fasciectomy hand therapy protocols on functional and sensorimotor outcomes of individuals with DD. Because several patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be used to assess the functional limitations of DD, a first study, which aimed to identify which PROMs have the best psychometric properties to assess the functional abilities of individuals with DD, was conducted. The results of this first study, which was a systematic review, targeted the use of the Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ) to assess functional limitations related to DD in the main study. To meet the main objective of this master's thesis, a pilot randomized trial taking the same form as the planned randomized clinical trial, but on a smaller size, was completed with ten participants. A recruitment rate of 83.33% was achieved. Adherence rates to proposed treatments and assessments were 90% and 87.5%, respectively. One postoperative complication occurred. The two groups (Low-Intensity group n=6; High-Intensity group n=4) improved significantly over time regarding functional ability and sensorimotor function. The pilot study showed that a randomized clinical trial comparing two post-fasciectomy hand therapy protocols is feasible without major changes to the methodology used in the pilot study. The results of the pilot study can thus be combined with those of the planned randomized clinical trial
Les anévrysmes infectieux de l'aorte (à propos d'un cas d'anévrysme infectieux de l'aorte abdominale à Salmonella Firis)
Les derniÚres études effectuées à propos des anévrysmes infectieux montrent que les germes les plus souvent retrouvés sont Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, enteretidis et cholerae suis. Au cours des anévrysmes primaires, l'ensemencement septique se fait généralement au niveau d'une lésion intimale préexistante athéroscléreuse. Le diagnostic repose sur les hémocultures et la visualisation de l'anévrysme par l'angio-scanner supplantant maintenant l'artériographie. Le traitement fait appel à une antibiothérapie par céphalosporines de troisiÚme génération ou fluoroquinolones, sur une durée minimum de six semaines, associée à une résection chirurgicale large et une revascularisation extra anatomique ou in situ.ROUEN-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (765402102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
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