78 research outputs found

    La thĂ©rapie par observation d’action (TOA) dans la maladie de Parkinson

    Get PDF
    Travail d'intĂ©gration rĂ©alisĂ© dans le cadre du cours PHT-6113.ProblĂ©matique: La maladie de Parkinson (MP) est une pathologie neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rative affectant les noyaux gris centraux et est caractĂ©risĂ©e par quatre signes moteurs cardinaux: tremblements au repos, bradykinĂ©sie/akinĂ©sie, rigiditĂ© et instabilitĂ© posturale. Les symptĂŽmes limitent la performance aux tĂąches fonctionnelles et augmentent le risque de chutes. Actuellement, les interventions en physiothĂ©rapie avec les personnes parkinsoniennes sont limitĂ©es. La thĂ©rapie par observation d’action (TOA) est une approche de rĂ©Ă©ducation prometteuse. Objectifs: DĂ©crire la physiopathologie de la MP, les outils cliniques pour Ă©valuer les parkinsoniens, les particularitĂ©s liĂ©es aux tĂąches fonctionnelles et les bases neurophysiologiques sous-tendant la TOA dans le but de dĂ©terminer les lignes directrices de cette thĂ©rapie auprĂšs des parkinsoniens. StratĂ©gie mĂ©thodologique: Les bases EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed et Cochrane ont Ă©tĂ© consultĂ©es pour la recension d’articles en lien avec les objectifs. RĂ©sultats: Aucun principe d’application de la TOA n’est dĂ©crit prĂ©cisĂ©ment et aucun consensus n’est Ă©tabli sur les meilleurs outils d’évaluation Ă  utiliser avec la clientĂšle parkinsonienne pour mesurer l’effet de la TOA. L’analyse de la littĂ©rature permet de suggĂ©rer trois tĂąches fonctionnelles Ă  pratiquer avec la TOA, soit l’atteinte d’une cible avec iii le membre supĂ©rieur, le transfert assis-debout et la marche. Il est aussi possible de proposer certaines lignes directrices pour l’évaluation clinique et la mise en pratique de la TOA. Conclusion: Le projet a permis de proposer certaines lignes directrices pour l’utilisation de la TOA chez les parkinsoniens. Ces recommandations seront prĂ©sentĂ©es aux cliniciens afin de les outiller pour appliquer la TOA et Ă©tudier ses effets avec cette clientĂšle

    Nouvelle méthode de synthÚse de matériaux bidimensionnels riches en carbone à partir de polydiacétylÚnes

    Get PDF
    L’intĂ©rĂȘt pour les nanomatĂ©riaux, tel que les fullerĂšnes, les nanotubes de carbone et les nanoparticules, est en constante croissance depuis le milieu des annĂ©es quatre-vingt. Parmi ces nanomatĂ©riaux, un qui attire particuliĂšrement l’intĂ©rĂȘt des chercheurs est le nanoruban de graphĂšne, soit une feuille de graphĂšne ayant une largeur de moins de 50 nm. Étant donnĂ© les faibles dimensions de ce matĂ©riau, qui crĂ©ent un confinement quantique, et du motif de ses parois, les nanorubans de graphĂšne ont des propriĂ©tĂ©s Ă©lectroniques qui peuvent ĂȘtre diffĂ©rentes de celles du graphĂšne. De plus, celles-ci sont modulables, c’est-Ă -dire que la valeur de la bande interdite peut ĂȘtre contrĂŽlĂ©e en variant diffĂ©rents facteurs. Les nanorubans de graphĂšne peuvent donc ĂȘtre des semi-conducteurs avec diffĂ©rentes valeurs de bande interdite alors que le graphĂšne est un matĂ©riau qui a une valeur de bande interdite nulle. MalgrĂ© le grand intĂ©rĂȘt pour les nanorubans de graphĂšne, il n’existe encore aucune mĂ©thode de synthĂšse, physique ou chimique, qui permet, Ă  grande Ă©chelle, le contrĂŽle des propriĂ©tĂ©s Ă©lectroniques. Dans le cadre de ce projet, nous avons voulu dĂ©velopper une mĂ©thode alternative, appelĂ©e mĂ©thode hybride, afin d’obtenir un nanoruban de graphĂšne. La stratĂ©gie principale se base sur la rĂ©activitĂ© de l’unitĂ© 1,3-diarylbutadiyne qui peut polymĂ©riser par rĂ©action topochimique sous irradiation UV pour former un nanoruban de polydiacĂ©tylĂšne (PDA). Pour permettre ce type de rĂ©actions, des paramĂštres trĂšs stricts doivent ĂȘtre respectĂ©s et il est possible de les obtenir en auto-assemblant des prĂ©curseurs linĂ©aires, contenant des unitĂ©s 1,3-diarylbutadiyne, sous forme de gel. Nous avons donc dĂ©veloppĂ© ces prĂ©curseurs, en choisissant avec soin les fonctions prĂ©sentes sur ceux-ci, afin de permettre l’auto-assemblage sous forme de gel. Par la suite, ces prĂ©curseurs auto-assemblĂ©s ont permis d’obtenir, aprĂšs irradiation, des feuillets de PDA. Finalement, les PDAs ont Ă©tĂ© graphitisĂ©s par voie thermique. Afin de mieux comprendre la rĂ©activitĂ© et l’influence des unitĂ©s aryles prĂ©sentes dans nos PDAs, nous avons Ă©tendu notre Ă©tude Ă  une nouvelle famille de prĂ©curseurs. Ceux-ci n’étaient pas linĂ©aires, ils avaient plutĂŽt un motif en forme « V », c’est-Ă -dire avec les butadiynes en position 1,3 sur un phĂ©nyle central. De plus, nous avons Ă©valuĂ© l’effet des diffĂ©rentes fonctions des prĂ©curseurs sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s de gĂ©lification

    À la croisĂ©e des genres : trajectoires et identitĂ©s "trans" au QuĂ©bec

    Get PDF
    Ce mĂ©moire porte sur les trajectoires et les identitĂ©s trans au QuĂ©bec. Il s’appuie sur les rĂ©cits de vie de 11 personnes s’identifiant trans au QuĂ©bec, afin de mieux comprendre l’influence des normes sociales de genre sur leur parcours de vie et la façon dont elles se manifestent dans le cadre des interactions sociales quotidiennes. FondĂ©e Ă  la fois sur des rĂ©cits de vie d’hommes et de femmes trans, cette recherche a ainsi pour but de mesurer l’impact d’un systĂšme de normes basĂ© sur la binaritĂ© des genres. Cette lecture croisĂ©e des genres permet de mettre en lumiĂšre les principales convergences et divergences entre les expĂ©riences des hommes trans et celles des femmes trans. Dans un premier temps, la recherche montre que la trajectoire identitaire de genre prend place, pour tous et toutes, dĂšs l’enfance, pĂ©riode oĂč cette question du genre serait prĂ©sente, mais en « sommeil ». La pĂ©riode de l’adolescence Ă©quivaut ensuite Ă  une pĂ©riode d’éveil aux stigmates qui les aurait menĂ©-es Ă  intĂ©rioriser leur diffĂ©rence. L’ñge adulte -le prĂ©sent- est le moment d’extĂ©riorisation identitaire qui s’inscrit dans une sĂ©rie d’expĂ©riences de transition. Dans un deuxiĂšme temps, cette Ă©tude fera Ă©tat des inĂ©galitĂ©s sociales de genre et des inĂ©galitĂ©s transidentitaires, et de la façon dont ces deux formes d’inĂ©galitĂ©s s’articulent, notamment dans le cadre des espaces publics et des interactions sociales. Les principaux rĂ©sultats montrent que les femmes trans Ă  l’étude vivent en majoritĂ© plus d’inĂ©galitĂ©s sociales liĂ©es Ă  leur genre et Ă  sa non-conformitĂ©. Inversement, les hommes trans Ă  l’étude vivent aussi ces inĂ©galitĂ©s, mais acquiĂšrent parallĂšlement certains privilĂšges sociaux.This master thesis treats of the trans identities and trajectories in QuĂ©bec. It leans mainly on the life narrative of 11 people who identify as trans in QuĂ©bec in order to better understand the influences of social and gender norms on their life journey, and the way they are manifested in the context of daily interactions. Based on both trans men and trans women’s life stories, this research thus has as a goal to measure the impact of a system of norms based on the binarity of genders. This crossed reading of genders allows some light to be shed on the principal convergences and differences between the experiences of trans men and trans women. Firstly, the research demonstrates that the gender identity trajectory takes place for one and all as soon as during childhood, period during which the gender identity question is present, but at a “dormant” stage. Then, the adolescence period is the equivalent of an awakening process to the stigmas that brought them to internalize their difference. Adulthood -the present- is the exteriorization of identity phase, which is transcribed through a series of transitional experiences. Secondly, this study will report of the social inequalities of gender as well as the transidentitary inequalities, and how those two forms of inequality interact, namely in a public space as well as social interaction context. The main results show that the trans women in the study experience a majority of social inequality regarding their gender and its non-conformity. Conversely, the trans men in the study also go through these inequalities, but in a parallel fashion, also acquire certain social privileges

    Narcissism, Sensation Seeking, Depression, Anxiety, and Cognitive Distortions: Comparative Analysis Between Poker and Video Lottery Terminal Players

    Full text link
    According to the psycho-structural interaction model, the interaction between structural characteristics of a gambling game and player’s characteristics could foster the development of gambling problems. Those interactions may vary according to the types of game played. This study aims to compare poker and video lottery terminals players (VLTs) on six psychological characteristics (narcissism, sensation seeking, depression, anxiety, cognitive distortions and problem gambling severity) and to examine cognitive distortions as a mediator between personality/mood disturbance and problem gambling severity. The sample consisted of 191 poker players and 81 VLT players. Standard assessments were completed online and by phone within a cross-sectional design. As compared to the VLT group, the poker group mean scores were higher on narcissism and sensation seeking but lower on depression. Multi-group measurement invariance analysis show non-invariance between poker and VLT players. Mediation analysis revealed an indirect effect of narcissism on problem gambling severity for both groups. Narcissism effect on problem gambling severity scores was mediated by cognitive distortions. However, for VLT players only, cognitive distortions positively mediated the effect of depression scores on problem gambling severity. Findings illustrate the differences between groups and show the importance of considering players’ characteristics according to their preferred type of game. This study supports the development of explanatory theories of gambling behavior that take into account specific gambling contexts. The implications for clinical management are discussed

    University-SME collaboration and open innovation: Intellectual-property management tools and the roles of intermediaries

    Get PDF
    In 2009, the Conseil de la science et de la technologie du QuĂ©bec (CST) made 13 recommendations to the Government of Quebec in order to shift innovative actors towards open-innovation practices adapted to the province's context: diversified economic sectors, a majority of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), public universities, etc. Among these recommendations are: i) to set up flexible mechanisms to promote research collaboration between public-private sectors such as universities and SMEs, and ii) to optimize intermediation bodies’ contribution to establish open-innovation practices. Furthermore, the lack of adequate understanding and tools for the management of intellectual property (IP) was identified as a major inhibitor of open-innovation practices, to which actors should pay specific attention. In this article, we present results and recommendations from a field study focused on two groups of actors: i) companies involved in collaborative innovation and ii) intermediary agents enabling innovation and technology transfer. Our first goal was to shed some light on factors that facilitate open innovation through improved university-enterprise collaborations and, more importantly, that attempt to overcome the irritants related to IP management. Our second goal was to analyze the roles of diverse intermediaries in the fostering of successful collaborations between universities and SMEs. Our study yielded three findings: i) SMEs do not care about understanding and improving their capabilities about IP and are not equipped with adequate tools and best practices for managing IP and for managing the overall collaborative mechanisms in general; ii) this gap in preparation for open innovation is persistent, since even the intermediaries, whose role is to guide SMEs in university-enterprise collaborations, suffer themselves from the lack of appropriate IP transfer and sharing tools, and do not perceive the need to offer better support in this regard; and iii) overall, current IP-transfer and collaboration-management tools are not sophisticated enough to provide appropriate support for the implementation of open innovation, by which we mean more open and collaborative innovation in the context of university-enterprise collaborations

    On the interaction of acetone with electrophilic metallocavitands having extended cavities

    Get PDF
    We report the synthesis and characterization of tantalum–boronate trimetallic clusters of general formula {[Cp*Ta]3(ÎŒ2-RB(O)2)3(ÎŒ2-OH)(ÎŒ2-O)2(ÎŒ3-OH)} (R= 4-(C6H5)(C6H4) (Ta3-4Ph), 4-(C6H5O)(C6H4) (Ta3-4OPh), 4-(C7H7O)(C6H4) (Ta3-4OBn), 4-(C8H5)(C6H4) (Ta3-4PhEt), and 4-(C12H7)(C6H4) (Ta3-4Napht)). All complexes have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The trimetallic species feature a large Lewis acid type cavity allowing for substrate binding in both the solid and the liquid state using a unique electrostatic interaction and a hydrogen bond. ΔH° and ΔS° values for association of acetone with the complexes vary between −2.0 and −4.1 kcal·mol–1 and −3 and 2 cal·mol–1·K–1, respectively, showing weaker binding than smaller cavitands of the same type. The barrier for acetone exchange at equilibrium is similar for all complexes, and ΔH‡ values vary between 8.2 and 11.4 kcal·mol–1

    Implications of Proprotein Convertases in Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumor Progression: Insights for PACE4 as a Therapeutic Target

    Get PDF
    AbstractProprotein convertases are a family of kexin-like serine proteases that process proteins at single and multiple basic residues. Among the predicted and identified PC substrates, an increasing number of proteins having functions in cancer progression indicate that PCs may be potential targets for antineoplastic drugs. In support of this notion, we identified PACE4 as a vital PC involved in prostate cancer proliferation and progression, contrasting with the other co-expressed PCs. The aim of the present study was to test the importance of PCs in ovarian cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression. Based on tissue-expression profiles, furin, PACE4, PC5/6 and PC7 all displayed increased expression in primary tumor, ascites cells and metastases. These PCs were also expressed in variable levels in three model ovarian cell lines tested, namely SKOV3, CAOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Since SKOV3 cells closely represented the PC expression profile of ovarian cancer cells, we chose them to test the effects of PC silencing using stable gene-silencing shRNA strategy to generate knockdown SKOV3 cells for each expressed PC. In vitro and in vivo assays confirmed the role of PACE4 in the sustainment of SKOV3 cell proliferation, which was not observed with the other three PCs. We also tested PACE4 peptide inhibitors on all three cell lines and observed consequent reduced cell proliferation which was correlated with PACE4 expression. Overall, these data support a role of PACE4 in promoting cell proliferation in ovarian cancer and provides further evidence for PACE4 as a potential therapeutic target

    Carbohydrate-active enzymes from the zygomycete fungus Rhizopus oryzae: a highly specialized approach to carbohydrate degradation depicted at genome level

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Rhizopus oryzae </it>is a zygomycete filamentous fungus, well-known as a saprobe ubiquitous in soil and as a pathogenic/spoilage fungus, causing Rhizopus rot and mucomycoses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Carbohydrate Active enzyme (CAZy) annotation of the <it>R. oryzae </it>identified, in contrast to other filamentous fungi, a low number of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and a high number of glycosyl transferases (GTs) and carbohydrate esterases (CEs). A detailed analysis of CAZy families, supported by growth data, demonstrates highly specialized plant and fungal cell wall degrading abilities distinct from ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. The specific genomic and growth features for degradation of easily digestible plant cell wall mono- and polysaccharides (starch, galactomannan, unbranched pectin, hexose sugars), chitin, chitosan, ÎČ-1,3-glucan and fungal cell wall fractions suggest specific adaptations of <it>R. oryzae </it>to its environment.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>CAZy analyses of the genome of the zygomycete fungus <it>R. oryzae </it>and comparison to ascomycetes and basidiomycete species revealed how evolution has shaped its genetic content with respect to carbohydrate degradation, after divergence from the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.</p

    Comment évaluer les habiletés fonctionnelles et l'efficacité de la réadaptation post-fasciectomie chez les individus ayant la maladie de Dupuytren? : une revue systématique et un essai pilote randomisé

    No full text
    ThĂšse ou mĂ©moire avec insertion d'articlesLes dĂ©formations en flexion des doigts liĂ©es Ă  la maladie de Dupuytren peuvent ĂȘtre rĂ©duites chirurgicalement afin de remĂ©dier aux difficultĂ©s fonctionnelles qu'elles occasionnent. Des Ă©tudes ont soulignĂ© la pertinence du suivi postopĂ©ratoire en rĂ©adaptation sans ĂȘtre prĂ©cises concernant le contenu et la forme qu'il doit prendre. L'objectif principal de ce mĂ©moire Ă©tait d'Ă©valuer la faisabilitĂ© de conduire un essai clinique randomisĂ© comparant les effets d'un suivi de rĂ©adaptation post-fasciectomie court Ă  ceux d'un suivi intense sur les habiletĂ©s fonctionnelles et motrices des personnes ayant la maladie de Dupuytren. Puisque plusieurs questionnaires fonctionnels auto-rapportĂ©s peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s pour documenter les difficultĂ©s fonctionnelles liĂ©es Ă  la maladie de Dupuytren, une premiĂšre Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer le ou les questionnaire(s) fonctionnel(s) possĂ©dant les meilleures propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©trologiques pour cette population. Cette premiĂšre Ă©tude a adoptĂ© la mĂ©thodologie d'une revue systĂ©matique, et les rĂ©sultats ont ciblĂ© l'utilisation du Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ) pour documenter les difficultĂ©s fonctionnelles liĂ©es Ă  la maladie de Dupuytren dans l'Ă©tude principale. Ensuite, afin de rĂ©pondre Ă  l'objectif principal du mĂ©moire, un essai pilote randomisĂ© prenant la mĂȘme forme que l'essai clinique randomisĂ© projetĂ©, mais Ă  plus petite Ă©chelle, a Ă©tĂ© complĂ©tĂ© auprĂšs de dix participants. Un taux de recrutement de 83.33% a Ă©tĂ© obtenu. Les taux d'adhĂ©rence aux traitements et aux Ă©valuations Ă©taient respectivement de 90% et 87.5%. Une seule complication post-opĂ©ratoire est survenue. Les 2 groupes (suivi de faible intensitĂ© n = 6; suivi intense n=4) ont amĂ©liorĂ©s significativement dans le temps leurs habiletĂ©s fonctionnelles et leur fonction motrice. L'Ă©tude pilote a dĂ©montrĂ© que la rĂ©alisation d'un essai clinique randomisĂ© comparant deux suivis de rĂ©adaptation post-fasciectomie est envisageable sans modification majeure Ă  la mĂ©thodologie employĂ©e dans le cadre de l'Ă©tude pilote. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus lors de l'essai pilote pourront ainsi ĂȘtre combinĂ©s Ă  ceux de l'Ă©tude projetĂ©e.Finger flexion contractures related to Dupuytren's disease (DD) can be surgically reduced to address the functional limitations they create. Studies have highlighted the relevance of postoperative hand therapy without being very specific about the content and form it should take. The main objective of this master's thesis is to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial comparing the effects of two post-fasciectomy hand therapy protocols on functional and sensorimotor outcomes of individuals with DD. Because several patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be used to assess the functional limitations of DD, a first study, which aimed to identify which PROMs have the best psychometric properties to assess the functional abilities of individuals with DD, was conducted. The results of this first study, which was a systematic review, targeted the use of the Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ) to assess functional limitations related to DD in the main study. To meet the main objective of this master's thesis, a pilot randomized trial taking the same form as the planned randomized clinical trial, but on a smaller size, was completed with ten participants. A recruitment rate of 83.33% was achieved. Adherence rates to proposed treatments and assessments were 90% and 87.5%, respectively. One postoperative complication occurred. The two groups (Low-Intensity group n=6; High-Intensity group n=4) improved significantly over time regarding functional ability and sensorimotor function. The pilot study showed that a randomized clinical trial comparing two post-fasciectomy hand therapy protocols is feasible without major changes to the methodology used in the pilot study. The results of the pilot study can thus be combined with those of the planned randomized clinical trial

    Les anévrysmes infectieux de l'aorte (à propos d'un cas d'anévrysme infectieux de l'aorte abdominale à Salmonella Firis)

    No full text
    Les derniÚres études effectuées à propos des anévrysmes infectieux montrent que les germes les plus souvent retrouvés sont Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, enteretidis et cholerae suis. Au cours des anévrysmes primaires, l'ensemencement septique se fait généralement au niveau d'une lésion intimale préexistante athéroscléreuse. Le diagnostic repose sur les hémocultures et la visualisation de l'anévrysme par l'angio-scanner supplantant maintenant l'artériographie. Le traitement fait appel à une antibiothérapie par céphalosporines de troisiÚme génération ou fluoroquinolones, sur une durée minimum de six semaines, associée à une résection chirurgicale large et une revascularisation extra anatomique ou in situ.ROUEN-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (765402102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
    • 

    corecore