Learning-based approaches for reconstructions with inexact operators in nanoCT applications

Imaging problems such as the one in nanoCT require the solution of an inverse problem, where it is often taken for granted that the forward operator, i.e., the underlying physical model, is properly known. In the present work we address the problem where the forward model is inexact due to stochastic or deterministic deviations during the measurement process. We particularly investigate the performance of non-learned iterative reconstruction methods dealing with inexactness and learned reconstruction schemes, which are based on U-Nets and conditional invertible neural networks. The latter also provide the opportunity for uncertainty quantification. A synthetic large data set in line with a typical nanoCT setting is provided and extensive numerical experiments are conducted evaluating the proposed methods

Validating Monte Carlo simulations for an analysis chain in H.E.S.S

Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) detect very high energetic (VHE) gamma rays. They observe the Cherenkov light emitted in electromagnetic shower cascades that gamma rays induce in the atmosphere. A precise reconstruction of the primary photon energy and the source flux depends heavily on accurate Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of the shower propagation and the detector response, and therefore also on adequate assumptions about the atmosphere at the site and time of a measurement. Here, we present the results of an extensive validation of the MC simulations for an analysis chain of the H.E.S.S. experiment with special focus on the recently installed FlashCam camera on the large 28 m telescope. One goal of this work was to create a flexible and easy-to-use framework to facilitate the detailed validation of MC simulations also for past and future phases of the H.E.S.S. experiment. Guided by the underlying physics, the detector simulation and the atmospheric transmission profiles were gradually improved until low level parameters such as cosmic ray (CR) trigger rates matched within a few percent between simulations and observational data. This led to instrument response functions (IRFs) with which the analysis of current H.E.S.S. data can ultimately be carried out within percent accuracy, substantially improving earlier simulations.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted as Proceeding of the 7th Heidelberg International Symposium on High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy (Gamma2022

Performance of the New FlashCam-based Camera in the 28\,m Telescope of H.E.S.S

In October 2019, the central 28 m telescope of the H.E.S.S. experiment has been upgraded with a new camera. The camera is based on the FlashCam design which has been developed in view of a possible future implementation in the Medium-Sized Telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), with emphasis on cost and performance optimization and on reliability. The fully digital design of the trigger and readout system makes it possible to operate the camera at high event rates and to precisely adjust and understand the trigger system. The novel design of the front-end electronics achieves a dynamic range of over 3,000 photoelectrons with only one electronics readout circuit per pixel. Here we report on the performance parameters of the camera obtained during the first year of operation in the field, including operational stability and optimization of calibration algorithms.Comment: Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021

Internet-based drug treatment interventions: best practice and applications in EU Member States.

This report provides a comprehensive review of the relatively new phenomenon of Internet-based drug treatment interventions (DTI). It presents a sample of Internet-based DTI programmes across Europe and outlines their methodologies, providing a series of screenshots to further demonstrate the websites’ content and to provide an overall impression of the types of online treatment available. This publication is a useful resource for researchers, policymakers and the general public, to gain an insight into the potential for the Internet to become a new channel for drug treatment intervention Table of contents • Executive summary • Background • Methods • Findings • Outline of European Internet-based DTIs • Discussion • Future of Internet-based DTIs in the European Unio