21 research outputs found
La chimioembolisation pour le traitement des tumeurs primaires et des métastases hépatiques
RĂ©sumĂ©Objectif : Analyser les diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s de la chimioembolisation, les indications de ce traitement ainsi que les grands principes qui sous-tendent son utilisation.Sources de donnĂ©es : Les donnĂ©es proviennent dâune recherche menĂ©e sur PubMed ainsi quâEmbase Ă lâaide des termes « chemoembolization », « hepatocellular cancer », « colorectal cancer », « melanoma ». Le document du ComitĂ© de lâĂ©volution des pratiques en oncologie sur les thĂ©rapies transartĂ©rielles pour le traitement du carcinome hĂ©patocellulaire en a Ă©galement fourni ainsi que certaines rĂ©fĂ©rences dâarticles de revue. Certaines proviennent aussi de la consultation de quelques manuels de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale et dâoncologie mĂ©dicale.SĂ©lection des Ă©tudes et extraction des donnĂ©es : La majoritĂ© des donnĂ©es prĂ©sentĂ©es proviennent de revues de traitements, de revues systĂ©matiques, de mĂ©ta-analyses ou dâĂ©tudes cliniques.Analyse des donnĂ©es : On appelle chimioembolisation lâadministration de la chimiothĂ©rapie par voie transartĂ©rielle directement dans une branche de lâartĂšre hĂ©patique irriguant la tumeur, puis lâembolisation de celle-ci. La chimioembolisation est principalement utilisĂ©e en traitement palliatif pour certains patients sĂ©lectionnĂ©s prĂ©sentant un carcinome hĂ©patocellulaire. Certaines Ă©tudes montrent aussi son efficacitĂ© en traitement palliatif de mĂ©tastases hĂ©patiques du cancer colorectal, du mĂ©lanome uvĂ©al ou de la tumeur neuroendocrine pancrĂ©atique.Conclusion : La chimioembolisation demeure un traitement palliatif Ă visĂ©e restreinte, administrĂ© seulement dans quelques centres spĂ©cialisĂ©s au QuĂ©bec. Le pharmacien a un rĂŽle Ă jouer dans la prĂ©paration des mĂ©dicaments et le suivi des patients traitĂ©s.AbstractObjective: To identify the different chemoembolization methods, the indications for such treatment, and the main principles underlying its use.Data sources: A search was conducted in PubMed and Embase using the keywords âchemoembolization,â âhepatocellular cancer,â âcolorectal cancerâ and âmelanoma.â The CEPO document on transarterial therapies in the treatment of hepatocellular cancer was used, as well as references listed in review articles. General medicine and medical oncology textbooks were also consulted.Study selection and data extraction: Most of the data presented are from treatment reviews, systematic reviews, metaanalyses and clinical studies.Data analysis: Chemoembolization consists in administering chemotherapy via the transarterial route directly into a branch of the hepatic artery feeding the tumour and then embolizing this vessel. Chemoembolization is used mainly as palliative treatment in certain selected patients with hepatocellular cancer. Some studies have also shown its efficacy as palliative treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancer, uveal melanoma or a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour.Conclusion: Chemoembolization is a palliative treatment with a narrow scope of application administered only at a few specialized centres in Quebec. The pharmacist has a role to play in preparation of the treatment and in monitoring these patients
Optimiser la recherche de littérature pour obtenir le plus de références pertinentes sur un sujet de pharmacothérapie
RĂ©sumĂ© : Objectif : DĂ©crire les diverses sources dâinformation utilisĂ©es au cours de la recherche de littĂ©rature par les pharmaciens du Programme de gestion thĂ©rapeutique des mĂ©dicaments (PGTM) lors de la prĂ©paration dâĂ©valuations pour les comitĂ©s de pharmacologie et de la rĂ©alisation de revues dâutilisation des mĂ©dicaments (RUM). Mise en contexte : Une premiĂšre Ă©tape de la recherche vise Ă identifier des revues systĂ©matiques ou des lignes directrices de traitement publiĂ©es et de les Ă©valuer. Au chapitre des bases de donnĂ©es Ă©lectroniques, Medline et CCTR apparaissent incontournables. Embase est intĂ©ressante, mais lâaccĂšs est limitĂ© par le coĂ»t Ă©levĂ© de lâabonnement. Des outils de recherche tels que la fonction Related Articles de PubMed et les services de Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) peuvent grandement faciliter la recherche. Les abrĂ©gĂ©s de congrĂšs devraient ĂȘtre revus en raison du long dĂ©lai avant la publication complĂšte et du biais de publication dĂ©montrĂ© par plusieurs Ă©tudes. Conclusion : Les sources dâinformation sont multiples, et le temps est une denrĂ©e prĂ©cieuse. La recherche de documentation doit ĂȘtre efficiente et permettre de recueillir la majoritĂ© des Ă©vidences reprĂ©sentatives de lâensemble de lâinformation pertinente. Abstract Objective : Describe the different information resources used by pharmacists when performing a literature search for the Program of therapeutic management of medications. Data analysis : The first search strategy is to identify systematic reviews or published treatment guidelines and evaluate them. Electronic databases used are MedLine and CCTR. Embase is an interesting database but access is limited due to his cost. Research tools such as âRelated Articlesâ of PubMed and the services of âSelective Dissemination of Informationâ can facilitate the search strategy. Abstracts summaries should be used due to the delay of publication of the article. Conclusion : Data resources are multiple and time is an important factor. Search strategies should be efficient to find the majority of evidences on the subject being treated. Key words : Systematic reviews, Medline, Embase, CCTR, abstracts
RĂ©organisation de la clinique externe dâoncologie : expĂ©rience du Centre hospitalier de lâUniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al
RĂ©sumĂ©Objectif : DĂ©crire la rĂ©organisation des services de pharmacie Ă la clinique externe dâoncologie de lâHĂŽpital Notre-Dame du Centre hospitalier de lâUniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al, qui a eu lieu pour rĂ©pondre Ă lâaugmentation du nombre de traitements.ProblĂ©matique : En 2011, 58 patients recevaient quotidiennement un traitement de chimiothĂ©rapie (lâĂ©quivalant de 98 prĂ©parations stĂ©riles) Ă la clinique externe dâoncologie de lâHĂŽpital Notre-Dame du Centre hospitalier de l'UniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al. En raison de ce haut dĂ©bit, les assistants techniques en pharmacie et les cinq pharmaciens qui y travaillaient Ă temps complet devaient souvent avoir recours au temps supplĂ©mentaire afin de terminer leur travail quotidien.Discussion : En 2011, une rĂ©Ă©valuation des processus Kaizen a permis de cibler les irritants et le travail sans valeur ajoutĂ©e des pharmaciens. Une sĂ©rie de mesures a transformĂ© la clinique externe, Ă lâaide notamment du dĂ©ploiement en 2012 dâun systĂšme de dossier unique qui suit le patient. Entre 2012 et 2014, dâautres mesures provenant de la pharmacie ont permis de diminuer la charge de travail des pharmaciens. Ces mesures comprenaient notamment la rĂ©organisation des locaux de la pharmacie, la crĂ©ation dâune rĂ©serve commune de prĂ©mĂ©dications dans les salles de traitement, lâajout dâun assistant technique en pharmacie qui se consacre Ă la vĂ©rification contenant-contenu des prĂ©parations stĂ©riles et lâaffectation dâun commis Ă lâaccĂšs aux mĂ©dicaments.Conclusion : La rĂ©organisation complĂšte de la pharmacie externe dâoncologie sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e avec succĂšs sur une pĂ©riode dâenviron 24 mois. Elle a permis dâallĂ©ger le travail du pharmacien grĂące Ă lâajout de ressources humaines et matĂ©rielles.AbstractObjective: To describe the reorganization of pharmacy services in the oncology outpatient clinic at the Centre hospitalier de lâUniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al.Problem: In 2011, an average of 58 patients a day received chemotherapy treatments, involving 98 sterile preparations, in the oncology outpatient clinic at the Centre hospitalier de lâUniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al. With this high workload, pharmacy technical assistants and the five full-time pharmacists often worked overtime to finish their daily work.Discussion: In 2011, a Kaizen process reevaluation identified the pharmacistsâ aggravations and non-value-added work. In 2012, a number of measures were implemented at the outpatient clinic, including a single chart that follows the patient. Between 2012 and 2014, other measures were initiated by the pharmacy, such as reorganizing the pharmacyâs rooms, the addition of premedications in the treatment room service areas, the addition of a pharmacy technical assistant dedicated to container-content verification of sterile preparations, and implementing a drug access clerk position, all of which led to a reduction in the pharmacistsâ workload.Conclusion: The oncology outpatient pharmacy was completely and successfully reorganized over a period of about 24 months. Through the addition of human and physical resources, the reorganization alleviated the pharmacistsâ workload
Doctorat professionnel en pharmacie de la FacultĂ© de pharmacie de lâUniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al : reflet de lâagrĂ©ment dâun programme dâĂ©tudes
RĂ©sumĂ© Objectif : La FacultĂ© de pharmacie de lâUniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al dĂ©sire partager son expĂ©rience dâagrĂ©ment du Programme de doctorat de premier cycle en pharmacie (Pharm.D.) par le Conseil canadien de lâagrĂ©ment des programmes de pharmacie (CCAPP). Mise en contexte : La FacultĂ© de pharmacie de lâUniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al a permis Ă son universitĂ© dâĂȘtre la premiĂšre au Canada Ă lancer le Pharm.D. en septembre 2007 et parmi les premiĂšres Ă le faire agrĂ©er en 2012. AprĂšs dix ans dâexistence, elle renouvĂšle lâagrĂ©ment en 2018 : la visite des Ă©valuateurs externes sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e du 21 au 23 novembre 2017 et le rapport final du CCAPP a Ă©tĂ© remis en juin 2018.RĂ©sultats : Le Programme rĂ©pond majoritairement aux normes exigĂ©es : organisation et gouvernance de lâinstitution, ressources du Programme, services aux Ă©tudiants et programme universitaire. Le point central sur lequel elle doit concentrer ses efforts est la mise en Ćuvre dâun processus dâĂ©valuation continue de la qualitĂ©. Les normes partiellement conformes sont : les ressources financiĂšres, les ressources humaines, la planification stratĂ©gique, les contrats avec les pharmacies communautaires, les comitĂ©s facultaires et lâĂ©quilibre entre les cours obligatoires. Conclusion : Le vice-dĂ©canat aux Ă©tudes de premier cycle et la direction du Programme ont Ă©laborĂ© un plan dâaction pour se conformer aux normes. Ce plan dâaction comporte 10 Ă©lĂ©ments, dont quatre ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©s Ă bien : 1) rĂ©vision de la gouvernance, 2) rĂ©vision de la planification stratĂ©gique, 3) Ă©laboration du cadre dâamĂ©lioration continue de la qualitĂ© et 4) dĂ©termination des indicateurs.AbstractObjective: The UniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©alâs Faculty of Pharmacy wishes to share its experience regarding the accreditation of the undergraduate Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) program by the Canadian Council for Accreditation of Pharmacy Programs (CCAPP). Background: The UniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al was the first university in Canada to launch a Pharm.D. program, in September 2007, and one of the first to have such a program accredited, in 2012. After 10 years of existence, it renewed the accreditation in 2018. The visit by the external evaluators took place from November 21 to 23, 2017, and the CCAPPâs final report was submitted in June 2018.Results: The program meets most of the required standards: institutional organization and governance, program resources, student services and university program. The key focus of its efforts should be the implementation of an ongoing quality assessment process. The partially compliant standards are financial resources, human resources, strategic planning, contracts with community pharmacies, faculty committees, and balance between the required courses. Conclusion: The office of the Assistant Dean of Undergraduate Studies and the programâs management have developed an action plan to comply with the standards. This is a 10-point plan, four of which have been completed: 1) governance review, 2) strategic planning review, 3) development of an ongoing quality improvement framework, and 4) identification of indicators
Doit-on inclure des données non publiées (abrégés de congrÚs) dans les évaluations des comités de pharmacologie ?
RĂ©sumĂ© : Objectif : PrĂ©senter une revue de la littĂ©rature mĂ©dicale sur lâutilisation des donnĂ©es probantes non publiĂ©es et la mĂ©thodologie utilisĂ©e par le Programme de gestion thĂ©rapeutique des mĂ©dicaments pour la prise en compte de ces donnĂ©es lors de la prĂ©paration dâĂ©valuations destinĂ©es aux comitĂ©s de pharmacologie. Mise en contexte : Le fait que les Ă©tudes positives soient plus souvent publiĂ©es que les Ă©tudes nĂ©gatives et le long dĂ©lai entre la prĂ©sentation des rĂ©sultats lors de congrĂšs et leur publication subsĂ©quente sont des arguments en faveur de lâutilisation des donnĂ©es non publiĂ©es. Par contre, lâinformation limitĂ©e disponible dans lâabrĂ©gĂ© et le fait que de nombreuses analyses ont montrĂ© des diffĂ©rences importantes entre lâabrĂ©gĂ© et la publication subsĂ©quente dĂ©montrent les limites associĂ©es Ă lâutilisation de donnĂ©es non publiĂ©es. Lâanalyse des abrĂ©gĂ©s et des publications pour le trastuzumab (cancer sein adjuvant) dĂ©montre une concordance parfaite entre le rĂ©sumĂ© et lâarticle publiĂ©, ce qui nâest pas le cas pour le bortezomib (myĂ©lome multiple), pour lequel on note des diffĂ©rences importantes Ă propos de lâinnocuitĂ©. Conclusion : Les comitĂ©s de pharmacologie devraient tenir compte du statut de publication lors de la prise de dĂ©cision et devraient analyser avec rigueur et prudence une demande supportĂ©e uniquement par des donnĂ©es non publiĂ©es. Abstract Objective: To present a literature review on the use of non-published data and the methods used by the Programme de gestion thĂ©rapeutique des mĂ©dicaments in the consideration of data to be presented to pharmacy and therapeutics committees. Context: The fact that studies with positive outcomes are more often published than those with negative outcomes and the fact that there is a long delay between the presentation of results at conferences and their subsequent publication are two arguments in favor of using unpublished data. The limited information available from the abstract, however, and the fact that numerous analyses have shown important differences between the abstract and the subsequent publication demonstrate the limits associated with using non-published data. The analysis of abstracts and publications for trastuzumab (adjuvant treatment of breast cancer) has shown perfect concordance between the abstract and published article, a concordance that is not the case for bortezomib (multiple myeloma), where important differences were observed with respect to safety information. Conclusion: Pharmacy and therapeutics committees should consider only published articles and should rigorously and prudently analyze any request supported only by non-published data. Key words: abstract; publication; bias
Going Past the Data for Temozolomide
The benefit of six cycles of adjuvant temozolomide was documented in a
randomized phase III (EORTCâNCIC CE.3) trial and this therapy, following combined
temozolomide and radiation, is the standard of care for patients with newly
diagnosed glioblastoma. We comment on the differences on length of adjuvant
therapy in both clinical practice and national studies (e.g. RTOG 0825), usually
doubling the length than in the EORTC/NCIC study, and relate to historic adjuvant
trials for solid tumors