The Third wave in globalization theory

This essay examines a proposition made in the literature that there are three waves in globalization theory—the globalist, skeptical, and postskeptical or transformational waves—and argues that this division requires a new look. The essay is a critique of the third of these waves and its relationship with the second wave. Contributors to the third wave not only defend the idea of globalization from criticism by the skeptics but also try to construct a more complex and qualified theory of globalization than provided by first-wave accounts. The argument made here is that third-wave authors come to conclusions that try to defend globalization yet include qualifications that in practice reaffirm skeptical claims. This feature of the literature has been overlooked in debates and the aim of this essay is to revisit the literature and identify as well as discuss this problem. Such a presentation has political implications. Third wavers propose globalist cosmopolitan democracy when the substance of their arguments does more in practice to bolster the skeptical view of politics based on inequality and conflict, nation-states and regional blocs, and alliances of common interest or ideology rather than cosmopolitan global structures

Accommodating Dynamic Oceanographic Processes and Pelagic Biodiversity in Marine Conservation Planning

Pelagic ecosystems support a significant and vital component of the ocean's productivity and biodiversity. They are also heavily exploited and, as a result, are the focus of numerous spatial planning initiatives. Over the past decade, there has been increasing enthusiasm for protected areas as a tool for pelagic conservation, however, few have been implemented. Here we demonstrate an approach to plan protected areas that address the physical and biological dynamics typical of the pelagic realm. Specifically, we provide an example of an approach to planning protected areas that integrates pelagic and benthic conservation in the southern Benguela and Agulhas Bank ecosystems off South Africa. Our aim was to represent species of importance to fisheries and species of conservation concern within protected areas. In addition to representation, we ensured that protected areas were designed to consider pelagic dynamics, characterized from time-series data on key oceanographic processes, together with data on the abundance of small pelagic fishes. We found that, to have the highest likelihood of reaching conservation targets, protected area selection should be based on time-specific data rather than data averaged across time. More generally, we argue that innovative methods are needed to conserve ephemeral and dynamic pelagic biodiversity

Residential Camps as a Setting for Nutrition Education of Australian Girls

Objective: To implement a planned nutrition education program aiming to promote healthy eating and consumption of a variety of foods in a residential camp setting for Australian girls aged 9 – 15 years. Methods: 1600 girls attending a residential camp for 7 days in Queensland Australia (2000), participated in a nutrition education program involving the provision of healthy tasty foods based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents and a nutrition education package for use at the camp restaurants each evening. The package included nutrition information on table-talkers and place-mats, together with individual "passport" booklets involving puzzles and questions with incentives for completion. Process and impact evaluations were conducted by surveying a sample of participants using questionnaires and focus groups. Results: Of those surveyed, 77% felt they had learned something from the health promotion material. 94% stated they had changed their eating habits to include more core food groups during the camp with over 40% stating they had increased vegetable consumption compared to their usual intake. However, implementation of the program was difficult with approximately 60% of campers apparently unaware of the incentives offered and less than 30% demonstrating completion of their passports by receiving their final badge. Conclusions: Barriers to the involvement of this target group in the health promotion activities need to be explored further. Involvement and training of all key personnel is suggested to ensure consistent implementation and encouragement for all participants. For many participants, an increased awareness of nutrition issues and changes to usual eating habits did occur during the camp period. Long term behaviour changes outside the camp environment should also be assessed in any future programs. Implications: Using residential camp settings to target children aged 9 – 15 years is an innovative strategy for nutrition education programs. Integration of such strategies into longer time frame programs may be of great benefit to participants and improve effectiveness of nutrition education programs aimed at this target group

Multispectral mapping of vegetation changes in reclaimed areas at Highland Valley between 2001 and 2011

Airborne remote sensing has been used at Highland Valley Copper since 2001 as part of the reclamation program to provide annual high spatial resolution maps of vegetation cover and complement the vegetative assessments. In 2011, the multi-temporal analysis was applied to all sites undergoing reclamation, with the exception of Valley and Lornex, where mining operations have been extended to 2025. As in previous years, Remote Sensing biomass was calculated based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and then appended to the existing NDVI time series. This unique and growing dataset allows us to examine vegetation changes over time with spatial resolution of 2.5m. We can now classify the entire mine site according to its vegetation history and whether or not it has reached and maintained biomass above 1500 kg/ha, which is one of the permit thresholds for selfsustaining status. The resulting 'reclamation status maps' provide a detailed synopsis of the vegetation trends between 2001 and 2011. These maps are designed to be helpful tools to reclamation managers, as they provide a means to focus further remediation efforts on specific locations most needing it, rather than having to make costly wholesale changes to entire sites.Non UBCUnreviewedOthe

Assessment of vegetation change after biosolids treatment : use of remotely sensed vegetation time series

Highland Valley Copper has run an experimental treatment program for many years, to use treated, de-watered sewage sludge (biosolids) as a supplement to the capping of waste rock and tailings materials before revegetation. This is an attempt to improve water retention on coarse-grained materials, as well as provide a source of nutrients. In 2012, we used the 12-year remotely sensed vegetation time series compiled by Teck and ASL to evaluate the effects of biosolids applications at selected tailings and waste rock sites. The vegetation maps allowed us to compare rates of vegetation change at a number of these treated areas with nearby untreated sites. Though our findings were based on a rather small number of sites, we concluded that while the short-term effects of biosolids on vegetation growth were site dependent, over the longer term (~10 years or more) there was a small, positive effect at all sites, in the form of increased growth rates at biosolids treated sites relative to nearby untreated sites.Non UBCUnreviewedOthe