Situación económica de las MIPYMES del sector artesanía en la ciudad de Estelí, durante el segundo Semestre del 2016

La situación económica es un factor importante para las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas, es por ello que es necesario fortalecer los aspectos que condicionan dicha situación. En la ciudad de Estelí el sector artesanía se ha enfrentado a constantes cambios a lo largo de los años, es por ello que se ha centrado la importancia de este sector en la economía, con el fin de mejorar las condiciones de vida de los artesanos y de sus colaboradores.El problema de la artesanía como pequeña empresa de manufactura tradicional se centra en el carácter recesivo de esta en nuestro país, fuertemente condicionado por una serie de deficiencias estructurales de naturaleza productiva y comercial, que se han visto agrandada en la difícil coyuntura económica actual por la falta de políticas específicas de sentido global e integral, que permitan elevar el nivel de vida, ingresos y trabajo a este importante sector económico y cultural; es por esto, que pretendemos sintetizar los principales problemas que caracterizan el desarrollo de la empresa artesanal en sus áreas de producción, ingresos, empleos, información y gestión financiera

Beneficios de la implementación de un sistema de costos conjuntos en la empresa Lácteos Loza en el municipio de Estelí en el segundo trimestre del 2014

En el presente estudio se comenta la situación actual de la empresa, consta de VIII capítulos en los que se exponen antecedentes de la empresa, planteamiento del problema, justificación, objetivo general y específico que se quieren cumplir a través de la investigación, principales elementos teóricos, diseño metodológico, análisis e interpretación de resultados en el cual se describe el proceso que se lleva a cabo en la empresa de acuerdo con los instrumentos aplicados, conclusiones, recomendaciones, bibliografía y anexos

Situación económica de las MIPYMES del sector artesanía en la ciudad de Estelí

La situación económica es un factor importante para las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas, es por ello que es necesario fortalecer los aspectos que condicionan dicha situación. En la ciudad de Estelí el sector artesanía se ha enfrentado a constantes cambios a lo largo de los años, es por ello que se ha centrado la importancia de este sector en la economía, con el fin de mejorar las condiciones de vida de los artesanos y de sus colaboradores.El problema de la artesanía como pequeña empresa de manufactura tradicional se centra en el carácter recesivo de esta en nuestro país, fuertemente condicionado por una serie de deficiencias estructurales de naturaleza productiva y comercial, que se han visto agrandada en la difícil coyuntura económica actual por la falta de políticas específicas de sentido global e integral, que permitan elevar el nivel de vida, ingresos y trabajo a este importante sector económico y cultural; es por esto, que pretendemos sintetizar los principales problemas que caracterizan el desarrollo de la empresa artesanal en sus áreas de producción, ingresos, empleos, información y gestión financiera

Brachytherapy versus radical hysterectomy after external beam chemoradiation: a non-randomized matched comparison in IB2-IIB cervical cancer patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A current paradigm in the treatment of cervical cancer with radiation therapy is that intracavitary brachytherapy is an essential component of radical treatment. This is a matched retrospective comparison of the results of treatment in patients treated with external beam chemoradiation (EBRT-CT) and radical hysterectomy versus those treated with identical chemoradiation followed by brachytherapy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this non-randomized comparison EBRT-CT protocol was the same in both groups of 40 patients. In the standard treated patients, EBRT-CT was followed by one or two intracavitary Cesium (low-dose rate) applications within 2 weeks of finishing external radiation to reach a point A dose of at least 85 Gy. In the surgically treated patients, radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection and para-aortic lymph node sampling were performed within 7 weeks after EBRT-CT. Response, toxicity and survival were evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 80 patients were analyzed. The patients receiving EBRT-CT and surgery were matched with the standard treated cases. There were no differences in the clinicopathological characteristics between groups or in the delivery of EBRT-CT. The pattern of acute and late toxicity differed. Standard treated patients had more chronic proctitis while the surgically treated had acute complications of surgery and hydronephrosis. At a maximum follow-up of 60 months, median follow-up 26 (2–31) and 22 (3–27) months for the surgery and standard therapy respectively, eight patients per group have recurred and died. The progression free and overall survival are the same in both groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results of this study suggest that radical hysterectomy can be used after EBRT-CT without compromising survival in FIGO stage IB2-IIB cervical cancer patients in settings were brachytherapy is not available. A randomized study is needed to uncover the value of surgery after EBRT-CT.</p

Prognostic significance of pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin-based chemoradiation is the standard of care for locally advanced cervical cancer patients; however, neoadjuvant modalities are currently being tested. Neoadjuvant studies in several tumor types have underscored the prognostic significance of pathological response for survival; however there is a paucity of studies in cervical cancer investigating this issue. METHODS: Four cohorts of patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma (stages IB2-IIIB); included prospectively in phase II protocols of either neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 1) cisplatin-gemcitabine, 2) oxaliplatin-gemcitabine, 3) carboplatin-paclitaxel or 4) chemoradiation with cisplatin or cisplatin-gemcitabine followed by radical hysterectomy were analyzed for pathological response and survival. RESULTS: One-hundred and fifty three (86%) of the 178 patients treated within these trials, underwent radical hysterectomy and were analyzed. Overall, the mean age was 44.7 and almost two-thirds were FIGO stage IIB. Pathological response rates were as follows: Complete (pCR) in 60 cases (39.2%), Near-complete (p-Near-CR) in 24 (15.6 %) and partial (pPR) in 69 cases (45.1%). A higher proportion rate of pCR was observed in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (with cisplatin [19/40, 47.5%]; or with cisplatin-gemcitabine [24/41, 58.5%] compared with patients receiving only chemotherapy, 6/23 (26%), 3/8 (37.5%) and 8/41 (19.5%) for cisplatin-gemcitabine, oxaliplatin-gemcitabine and carboplatin-paclitaxel respectively [p = 0.0001]). A total of 29 relapses (18.9%) were documented. The pathological response was the only factor influencing on relapse, since only 4/60 (6.6%) patients with pCR relapsed, compared with 25/93 (26.8%) patients with viable tumor, either pNear-CR or pPR (p = 0.001). Overall survival was 98.3% in patients with pCR versus 83% for patients with either pNear-CR or pPR (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Complete pathological response but no Near-complete and partial responses is associated with longer survival in cervical cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy

Routine management of locally advanced cervical cancer with concurrent radiation and cisplatin. Five-year results

BACKGROUND: Globally, cervical cancer primarily affects socially disadvantaged women. Five randomized trials were the foundation for adopting cisplatin-based chemotherapy during radiation as the standard of care for high-risk patients after primary radical hysterectomy who require adjuvant radiation and for locally advanced patients treated with definitive radiation. These results were obtained in clinical trials performed in carefully prepared academic centers; hence, we sought to determine whether these results could be reproduced when patients were treated on an out-of-protocol basis. METHODS: We reviewed the files of 294 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who received radiation plus weekly cisplatin as routine management between 1999 to 2003, and analyzed treatment compliance, response rate, toxicity, and survival. RESULTS: A total of 294 patients who received radiation and cisplatin were analyzed. Mean age was 43.8 years (range, 26–68 years). The majority of cases were squamous cell carcinoma (87.8%), and distribution according to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage was as follows: IB2-IIA, 23%; IIB, 53.3%, and IIIB, 23%; there were only two IVA cases. Overall, 96% of patients completed external beam, and intracavitary therapy. The majority of patients (67%) received the planned six courses of weekly cisplatin. Complete responses were achieved in 243 (83%) patients, whereas 51 (17%) had either persistent (32 patients, 10.8%) or progressive (19 patients, 6.4%) disease. At median follow-up (28 months; range, 2–68 months), 36 patients (12.2%) have relapsed (locally 30.5, and systemically, 69.5%). The most common toxicities were hematologic and gastrointestinal, in the majority of cases considered mild-moderate. At median follow-up (28 months; range, 2–68 months), overall and progression-free survival are 76.5 and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results support use of chemoradiation with six weekly applications of cisplatin at 40 mg/m(2 )during external radiation for routine management of locally advanced cervical cancer

Utilización de la semilla y hoja de Nim (Azadirachta indica) como controlador de parásitos internos en pollos de engorde de 6-8 semanas

Tesis (Ing. en Agroecología Tropical)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, LeónUNAN-Leó

Prevalencia de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en la población que asistió a las clí­nicas de APROFAM durante 2006-2011

Se determinó la prevalencia de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en la población que acudió a 10 centros departamentales de APROFAM durante 2006 al 2011, la que se analizó por género, edad y etnia. La prevalencia se determinó como tasa ajustada y los datos se analizaron con las características socioeconómicas. De 10,075 registros de pacientes se encontró una prevalencia del 66.83%, obteniéndose la mayor en la población ladina (54.79%), en el género femenino (53.07%) y en el grupo de edad comprendido entre los 20 a 39 años. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la presencia de infección y la etnia (p = .001) y entre el género e infección (p &lt; .05). La mayor tasa de infección se encontró en los departamentos de Guatemala (77.25%), Quezaltenango (74.80%) e Izabal (72.79%). La tasa ajustada por cada departamento, se comparó con la distribución de la pobreza, encontrando una correspondencia con los departamentos de Alta Verapaz, Chimaltenango y Jutiapa. Posteriormente se correlacionó con los índices de desarrollo humano (IDH) de salud, educación y de ingreso, encontrándose una relación inversa no significativa entre el IDH de salud y la tasa de infección (r = -.47, p &gt; .025).</p