Shear-induced transitions and instabilities in surfactant wormlike micelles

In this review, we report recent developments on the shear-induced transitions and instabilities found in surfactant wormlike micelles. The survey focuses on the non-linear shear rheology and covers a broad range of surfactant concentrations, from the dilute to the liquid-crystalline states and including the semi-dilute and concentrated regimes. Based on a systematic analysis of many surfactant systems, the present approach aims to identify the essential features of the transitions. It is suggested that these features define classes of behaviors. The review describes three types of transitions and/or instabilities : the shear-thickening found in the dilute regime, the shear-banding which is linked in some systems to the isotropic-to-nematic transition, and the flow-aligning and tumbling instabilities characteristic of nematic structures. In these three classes of behaviors, the shear-induced transitions are the result of a coupling between the internal structure of the fluid and the flow, resulting in a new mesoscopic organization under shear. This survey finally highlights the potential use of wormlike micelles as model systems for complex fluids and for applications.Comment: 64 pages, 31 figures, 2 table

Why it is so hard to predict our partner's product preferences.

Many consumer choices require predictions of partner's product attitudes. It has been shown that for some product categories, people might lack relevant partner knowledge. We investigate the cognitive processes underlying consumers' prediction of their partner's product attitudes, when relevant partner information is available. In the present studies the relevant partner information is provided in the form of online feedback. A first study reveals that mere awareness one is predicting the partner's attitudes actually hurts accuracy when similarity is low. In follow-up studies we examine the underlying reasons and generalizability of the obtained results.Choice; Cognitive; Information; Knowledge; Predictions; Processes; Product; Studies;

Why it is so hard to predict our partner's product preferences: The effect of target familiarity on prediction accuracy.

Many buying decisions require predictions of another person's product attitudes. Yet, consumers are often inaccurate predictors, even for familiar others. We provide strong evidence that target familiarity can even hurt accuracy in the presence of attitude feedback. Although overprojection and lack of product-specific attitude information have been identified as possible reasons for prediction inaccuracy, our results suggest a retrieval explanation. When presented with product-specific attitude feedback, predictors adapted their level of projection and encoded the attitude information, but they did not use this information. Instead, they retrieved less diagnostic, pre-stored information about the familiar targets to predict their product attitudes.person perception; decisions; knowledge; consumers; consensus; think; model; self;

Why it is so hard to predict our partner's product preferences : the effect of target familiarity on prediction accuracy.

Many buying decisions require predictions of another person's product attitudes. Yet, consumers are often inaccurate predictors, even for familiar others. We provide strong evidence that target familiarity can even hurt accuracy in the presence of attitude feedback. Although overprojection and lack of product-specific attitude information have been identified as possible reasons for prediction in accuracy, our results suggest a retrieval explanation. When presented with product-specific attitude feedback, predictors adapted their level of projection and encoded the attitude information, but they did not use this information. Instead, they retrieved less diagnostic, pre-stored information about the familiar target stop redict their product attitudes.(pro-environmental) attitudes; Behavior; Self-perception theory; Ecological consumer; Ego depletion; Social marketing;

Can externally activated trait concepts affect person judgments after encoding?,.

Current knowledge accessibility research assumes primed trait concepts to have no biasing effects beyond the encoding stage. In a series of studies, we challenge this assumption. We predict that trait concepts still can influence the person judgments of a predictor who previously stored the target person information through selective retrieval of trait congruent information. Our results consistently reveal assimilation effects when participants are primed with traits at judgment. Moreover, we identify two boundary conditions provide further evidence of the underlying selective retrieval process. First, assimilation effects only occur when stored target person instances apply to the externally activated knowledge and, second, when no prior target person impression is formed.Studies; Prisoner's dilemma game; Real life; Behavior; Altruism; Costly signaling; Research; Judgments; Knowledge; Effects; Information; Processes;

Elastic turbulence in shear banding wormlike micelles

We study the dynamics of the Taylor-Couette flow of shear banding wormlike micelles. We focus on the high shear rate branch of the flow curve and show that for sufficiently high Weissenberg numbers, this branch becomes unstable. This instability is strongly sub-critical and is associated with a shear stress jump. We find that this increase of the flow resistance is related to the nucleation of turbulence. The flow pattern shows similarities with the elastic turbulence, so far only observed for polymer solutions. The unstable character of this branch led us to propose a scenario that could account for the recent observations of Taylor-like vortices during the shear banding flow of wormlike micelles

Persianism in the Kingdom of Pontic Kappadokia. The Genealogical Claims of the Mithridatids

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