The isothermal compressibility of seawater near one atmosphere

The isothermal compressibility of artificial seawater has been measured by a piezometric technique from 0 to 40‰ S in 5‰ intervals and from 0 to 40°C in 5° intervals. The measurements were made at 17 bar increments to 34 bars and the data extrapolated to one atmosphere. Compressibility determinations on a Copenhagen seawater sample ( ∼35‰S) over the same temperature and pressure range yielded results that agreed with the artificial seawater results (within our experimental error of ±0·05 × 10 −6 bar −1). The isothermal compressibility results at one atmosphere and 35‰ are in excellent agreement with the values calculated from Wilson's (1960) sound velocity data; however, our results disagree with the P-V-T data of Ekman (1908), Newton and Kennedy (1965) and Wilson and Bradley (1968). The normalized compressibilities of Ekman show excellent agreement with Wilson's and our results. A theoretical equation for the compressibility of seawater as a function of chlorinity has been developed in terms of the apparent equivalent compressibility of the major ionic components of seawater. The theoretically calculated isothermal compressibilities of seawater at 25° agree very well with the experimental results (to within ±0·09 × 10 −6 bar −1)

Chemical Effects of Airborne Particles from the Sahara on the North Atlantic

International Symposium on the Chemistry of Sea-Air Particulate Exchanges, celebrado del 4 al 10 de octubre de 1973 en Niza.-- 16 pages, figuresOn a global scale, the total estimated mass of particulate materia is 2.5 x 10 9 tons/year, with almost half this amount in particles of diameter less than 5 microns (1). Man-male emissions contribute approximately 20% of this figure. Particulate transport processes occur predominantly in the troposphere, although some transport is found in the stratosphere followed by settling to the troposphere. The tropospheric circulation is dominantly zonal with three main zones of air mass movement in each hemisphere... the equatorial easterlies, the temparate westerlies, and the polar easterlies (2). Arid areas of the continents contribute particulates to each of these zones. Precipitation scrubbig appears to be the most important mechanism of fallout from the troposphere (3). [...]Peer reviewe