Occupational exposure to paint solvents and particulate material in car repair shops

Aims: We evaluated solvents and total particulates exposures in auto body repair shops together with a search of painter's related complaints. Methods: 26 painters exposures were evaluated by pumped personal sampling; solvents were retained in charcoal sorbent tubes and the particulates in PVC filters. Painter's personal habits and their work characteristics were obtained through a questionnaire, applied in a private interview. For the symptoms the Q16 questionnaire was used, added of questions about complaints during the painting. Results: High exposures were detected during spray painting. For solvents, the TLV-STEL adjusted for the mixtures was surpassed in six evaluations. However, as repaint is a short-term operation, it makes the average concentrations weighed for the work shift lower than the TLV-TWA adjusted for the mixtures. Total particulate concentrations had surpassed the TLV-TWA in four of the evaluations. Symptoms frequency in the Q16 questionnaire was higher for painters than for the controls (Mann-Whitney test U=193; p=0.008), and they showed positive correlations with the age (Spearman r=0.354, t=1.85, p=0.076), the number of years in the profession (Spearman r=0.433, t=2.35, p=0.027) and the alcoholic beverage consumption (Spearman r=0.457, t=2.516, p=0.019). Conclusions: The painting work done at car repair shops can result in high solvent and particulate exposures, although they are short-term operations. Their acute and chronic effects for the painters do not have been clearly evidenced in the present study, continuing deserving multidisciplinary attention

Rapid determination of desorption efficiency, and analysis of solvent mixtures for occupational exposure studies

An analytical procedure has been developed for simultaneous determination of solvent mixture vapors to enable evaluation of occupational exposure. To determine the desorption efficiency the volatile components of the solvent mixtures were generated from a glass tube filled with glass wool. This device is easy to prepare and use. These vapors were then collected in activated charcoal tubes and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. The method was tested with a mixture of 22 solvents, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, and ketones, oil at low concentrations. All the components were defected. When a 99: 1 mixture of carbon disulfide-dimethylformamide was used for desorption the efficiency was > 75% for most of the solvents

The determination of iron, lead, copper and zinc in the hair of children between 22 and 85 months old

In this study the levels of Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn, determined in hair of healthy children (25-85 months), living at Araraquara (São Paulo, Brasil) are reported. Analytical determinations were carried out by using atomic absorption spectrometry employing an air acetylene flame. The results obtained are discussed with regard to effect of sex and age, as well compared with others analogous studies

AVALIACAO DE BERGAPTENO 3CH E 6CH NA PROTECAO DE PEPINEIROS (CUCUMIS SATIVUS) CONTRA INTOXICACOES POR ESSA MESMA SUBSTANCIA

Authors report trial with bergapten using homeopathic preparations and the protection of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus) against intoxications by the same substance and assess the positive results obtained

Determination of acetonitrile and cyanide in rat blood: Application to an experimental study

Methods were developed for the analysis of acetonitrile and its metabolite cyanide in the blood of rats exposed to acetonitrile. Acetonitrile was analyzed by the headspace technique coupled to gas chromatography with detection by flame ionization, and cyanide was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (λ ex = 418 nm and λ em = 460 nm) after derivatization of the ion with naphthalene 2,3-dicarboxyaldehyde and taurine. The quantitation limits of the methods for the analysis of acetonitrile and cyanide were 4.875 μg/mL and 0.025 μg/mL, respectively. The coefficients of variation of 10% or less obtained for intra- and interassay precision indicate the precision of these analytical methods and the systematic errors, all less than 5%, indicate that the methods are quite accurate. The methods were applied to an experimental study after the animals received acetonitrile at the doses of 2 mmol/kg or 5 mmol/kg

Aspectos tecnológicos e sensoriais do iogurte de soja enriquecido com cálcio

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a viabilidade de enriquecimento do iogurtede soja com cálcio, para que o produto apresentasse níveis deste mineral equivalentes ou superiores aos encontrados nos iogurtes tradicionais e mantivesse as propriedades tecnológicas e sensoriais adequadas. Foram testados cinco sais: carbonato, citrato, fosfato, gliconato e lactato de cálcio, na concentração de 600mg de cálcio elementar/l. Os produtos foram avaliados quanto ao tempo de fermentação, pH, acidez titulável, viscosidade, consistência, concentração de cálcio e propriedades sensoriais (testes de diferença do controle e aceitação). A adição de cálcio ao iogurte de soja na forma de citrato, fosfato, carbonato, gliconato e lactato de cálcio, apesar de provocar alterações na acidez titulável, viscosidade e consistência, não conferiu propriedades sensoriais indesejáveis ao produto e o tempo de fermentação não excedeu aos verificados nos processos industriais convencionais. Desta forma todos os sais testados se mostraram viáveis para o processo de enriquecimento do iogurte de soja com cálcio.The aim of this work was to obtain a soy-whey-yogurt with the same or higher calcium levels than that of traditional ones and with suitable sensory and technological properties. Five salts were tested: calcium carbonate, citrate, phosphate, gliconate and lactate, in the concentration of 600mg of the elementary calcium/l.The fermentation time, pH, titratable acidity, viscosity, consistency, iron concentration and sensory properties (difference from the control and acceptance tests) of the product were evaluated. The addition of calcium to the soy-whey-yogurt as carbonate, citrate, phosphate, gliconate and lactate, despite the changes in the titratable acidity, viscosity, consistency and fermentation time, causes no adverse effects in the sensory properties indicating that any calcium salts studied could be used in the soy-whey-yogurt enrichment process

Efeito de um novo produto fermentado de soja, enriquecido com isoflavonas e cálcio, sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da ingestão de um produto a base de soja, fermentado com Enterococcus faecium e Lactobacillus jugurti, enriquecido com isoflavonas e cálcio sobre o peso corpóreo e sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas maduras ovariectomizadas. Os animais foram divididos em 5 grupos: pseudo-ovariectomizados, ovariectomizados, ovariectomizados que ingeriram produto fermentado de soja enriquecido com isoflavonas e cálcio, ovariectomizados que ingeriram produto fermentado de soja enriquecido com cálcio e ovariectomizados que ingeriram produto não fermentado enriquecido com cálcio. Tíbias e fêmures foram utilizados para análise do comprimento ósseo; ensaio mecânico de flexão de três pontos; densidade óssea (princípio de Arquimedes); conteúdo mineral ósseo; conteúdo de cálcio ósseo e medida das larguras das trabéculas. A ingestão do produto fermentado de soja enriquecido com isoflavonas e cálcio apesar de não ter exercido efeitos nos parâmetros como comprimento, densidade, conteúdo mineral, conteúdo de cálcio e carga máxima suportada, foi capaz de evitar o aumento de peso corpóreo causado pela ovariectomia, além de ter demonstrado uma tendência à proteção das trabéculas, prevenindo a redução da largura das mesmas ocasionada pela castração.Summary The objective was to evaluate the effect of soy fermented product intake on the corporal weight and bone tissue of ovariectomized mature rats. This product was fermented with Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus jugurti and enriched with isoflavones and calcium. The animals were divided in 5 groups: sham-ovariectomized; ovariectomized; ovariectomized treated with soy fermented product enriched with isoflavones and calcium; ovariectomized treated with soy fermented product enriched with calcium and ovariectomized treated with non-fermented product enriched only with calcium. In order to evaluate the effect of the tested product on bone tissue (femur and tibia), the following parameters were analyzed: length; mechanical assay of three points; density (Archimedes principle); mineral content; calcium content; measure of the trabecular widths. The corporal weight of group treated with soy fermented product containing isoflavones and calcium showed no statistical difference from sham-ovariectomized group and trabecular widths tended to have larger than ovariectomized group. However, there was no significant difference to the other evaluated parameters in result of the diverse treatments. Thus, soy fermented product enriched with isoflavones and calcium inhibited the increasing of corporal weight caused by ovariectomy and revealed a tendency to trabecular protection after castration

Efeito de um novo produto fermentado de soja, enriquecido com isoflavonas e cálcio, sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da ingestão de um produto a base de soja, fermentado com Enterococcus faecium e Lactobacillus jugurti, enriquecido com isoflavonas e cálcio sobre o peso corpóreo e sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas maduras ovariectomizadas. Os animais foram divididos em 5 grupos: pseudo-ovariectomizados, ovariectomizados, ovariectomizados que ingeriram produto fermentado de soja enriquecido com isoflavonas e cálcio, ovariectomizados que ingeriram produto fermentado de soja enriquecido com cálcio e ovariectomizados que ingeriram produto não fermentado enriquecido com cálcio. Tíbias e fêmures foram utilizados para análise do comprimento ósseo; ensaio mecânico de flexão de três pontos; densidade óssea (princípio de Arquimedes); conteúdo mineral ósseo; conteúdo de cálcio ósseo e medida das larguras das trabéculas. A ingestão do produto fermentado de soja enriquecido com isoflavonas e cálcio apesar de não ter exercido efeitos nos parâmetros como comprimento, densidade, conteúdo mineral, conteúdo de cálcio e carga máxima suportada, foi capaz de evitar o aumento de peso corpóreo causado pela ovariectomia, além de ter demonstrado uma tendência à proteção das trabéculas, prevenindo a redução da largura das mesmas ocasionada pela castração

Simultaneous analysis of the enantiomers of verapamil and norverapamil in rat plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

An enantioselective micromethod for the simultaneous analysis of verapamil (VER) and norverapamil (NOR) in plasma was developed, validated and applied to the study of the kinetic disposition of VER and NOR after the administration of a single oral dose of racemic-VER to rats. VER, NOR and the internal standard (paroxetine) were extracted from only 100-mu L plasma samples using n-hexane and the enantiomers were resolved on a Chiralpak AD column using n-hexane:isopropanol: ethanol: diethyl ami ne (88:6:6:0.1) as the mobile phase. The analyses were performed in the selected reaction monitoring mode. Transitions 456 > 166 for VER enantiomers, 441 > 166 for NOR enantiomers and 330 > 193 for the internal standard were monitored and the method had a total chromatographic run time of 12 min. The method allows the determination of VER and NOR enantiomers at plasma levels as low as 1.0 ng/mL. Racemic VER hydrochloride (10 mg/kg) was given to male Wistar rats by gavage and blood samples were collected from 0 to 6.0 h(n = 6 at each time point). The concentration of (-)-(S)-VER was three folds higher than (+)-(R)-VER, with an AUC ratio (-)/(+) of 2.66. Oral clearance values were 12.17 and 28.77 L/h/kg for (-)-(S)-VER and (+)-(R)-VER, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters of NOR were not shown to be enantioselective. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved