Evaluación del efecto antimicrobiano de las nanopartículas de plata en placa dentobacteriana

La cavidad bucal es considerada como el principal hábitat para biopelículas microbianas en el cuerpo humano, ya que es el hogar de una de las más conocidas, la placa dental. La placa dental o también llamada placa dentobacteriana (PD) es considerada como el principal agente etiológico de la caries y de las enfermedades periodontales (Costa et al., 2014; Fine, 1988; Al-Darwish et al., 2014). Las enfermedades orales representan un desafío importante por la complejidad de su desarrollo patológico. Actualmente, la caries dental es considerada como la enfermedad bucal crónica más frecuente a nivel mundial debido a características multifactoriales las cuales representan un grave problema de salud pública mundial (Costa et al., 2013; Plonka et al., 2012). En los últimos años se ha relacionado a la bacteria del Streptococcus mutans (SM) como el principal agente etiológico de las enfermedades bucales posicionándolo como el más virulento microorganismo responsable de la caries dental principalmente (Palomer, 2006; Holbrook et al., 1987). Existen alrededor de 800 microorganismos en la cavidad bucal que se han encontrado como parte de la PD; algunos de ellos los integran los Lactobacillus, actinomices y otros tipos de Streptococcus que también participan en menor frecuencia y severidad (Nakano et al, 2009). Uno de los mayores mecanismos del SM es la capacidad de adherirse a la superficie dental. Esta adhesión es principalmente llevada a cabo usando polisacáridos extracelulares (EPSs) a partir de la síntesis de la sacarosa; sin embargo, otras características microbiológicas específicas relacionadas con la composición de la pared de la célula bacteriana también podrían estar involucradas.( Pérez et al, 2016; Hirasawa et al., 2009) Aunque existen protocolos exitosos para la prevención y control del caries dental (Cury et al., 2014) , es necesario explorar nuevas terapéuticas que complementen la actividad antimicrobiana de las terapéuticas señaladas como estándar ideales dirigiendo los efectos de inhibición de crecimiento y de intervención en la adhesión bacteriana particularmente en el SM

Actividad antimicrobiana de las nanopartículas de plata en placa dentobacteriana aislada de pacientes.

INTRODUCCION: Las nanopartículas de plata (NPAg) han demostrado buenos efectos inhibitorios contra el S. mutans, estudios sobre la inhibición de la adhesión de este microorganismo a los materiales son necesarios. OBJETIVO: Determinar el efecto inhibitorio de las nano partículas de plata (NPAg) en la adhesión del S. mutans en superficies de resinas acrílicas odontológicas. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Dos tamaños de nanopartículas de plata (NPAg) fueron preparadas y caracterizadas. La evaluación de la adhesión del S. mutans fue realizada con ensayos microbiológicos en superficies de formas predeterminadas de resinas acrílicas odontológicas saturadas con nanopartículas de plata de 2 diferentes concentraciones. RESULTADOS: Todas las muestras de NPAg inhibieron la adhesión del S. mutans; sin embargo, las NPAg más pequeñas tuvieron mejor inhibición que las mayores. CONCLUSIONES: Las NPAg tienen un alto potencial para aplicaciones biomédicas en el control bacteriano de caries dental

Antiadherence and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans on Brackets and Wires Used for Orthodontic Treatments

White spot lesions (WSLs) are very frequent alterations during orthodontic treatments causing demineralization of the dental enamel. Various dental treatments have been developed to prevent WSLs; the prevalence and incidence of these lesions remain significantly high. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated good inhibitory effects against several microorganisms, more studies about antiadherence activity on different orthodontic appliance surfaces are necessary. To determine the inhibitory effect and antiadherence activity of AgNPs on the adhesion of S. mutans on surfaces of brackets and wires for orthodontic therapies, two sizes of AgNPs were prepared and characterized. The evaluation of S. mutans adhesion was performed with microbiological assays on surfaces of brackets and orthodontic modules in triplicate. Topographic characteristics of orthodontic brackets and wires were made by scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. All AgNP samples inhibited S. mutans adhesion; however, the smaller AgNPs had better inhibition than the larger ones. The presence of the module influenced the adhesion of S. mutans but not in the activity of AgNPs. The AgNPs used in this study showed to have good antimicrobial and antiadherence properties against S. mutans bacteria determining its high potential use for the control of WSLs in orthodontic treatments

Antiadherence and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans on Brackets and Wires Used for Orthodontic Treatments

White spot lesions (WSLs) are very frequent alterations during orthodontic treatments causing demineralization of the dental enamel. Various dental treatments have been developed to prevent WSLs; the prevalence and incidence of these lesions remain significantly high. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated good inhibitory effects against several microorganisms, more studies about antiadherence activity on different orthodontic appliance surfaces are necessary. To determine the inhibitory effect and antiadherence activity of AgNPs on the adhesion of S. mutans on surfaces of brackets and wires for orthodontic therapies, two sizes of AgNPs were prepared and characterized. The evaluation of S. mutans adhesion was performed with microbiological assays on surfaces of brackets and orthodontic modules in triplicate. Topographic characteristics of orthodontic brackets and wires were made by scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. All AgNP samples inhibited S. mutans adhesion; however, the smaller AgNPs had better inhibition than the larger ones. The presence of the module influenced the adhesion of S. mutans but not in the activity of AgNPs. The AgNPs used in this study showed to have good antimicrobial and antiadherence properties against S. mutans bacteria determining its high potential use for the control of WSLs in orthodontic treatments

Preparation of Silver-Doped Alumina Spherical Beads with Antimicrobial Properties

The synthesis of composites with antibacterial properties is of great interest for the development of new biomedical applications. The antimicrobial properties of silver have been verified against microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi; interest in silver has been renewed, so several technologies are currently in development, especially in dental materials. The purpose of this work was to improve the parameters for producing silver-doped alumina spherical beads using sodium alginate as a sacrificial template. Alumina is a biocompatible and thermally stable ceramic, while silver was used for its bactericidal properties. The obtained spheres presented a mean diameter of 2 mm, with an irregular surface and intertwined particles after a sintering process. After electrodeposition, white spheres turned to a dark gray color, demonstrating the presence of silver nanoparticles and fractal silver dendrites on the surface. Spheres were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Antimicrobial activity of the alumina-AgP spheres against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and S. mutans was analyzed by turbidimetry. The specific antimicrobial activity of all the composites showed specific antibacterial effects, independently of the amount of silver deposited, probably due to the differences in the microbial cell wall structures. Therefore, antibacterial activity depends on microbiological and structural characteristics of each bacterium

Bactericidal activity study of ZrO2-Ag2O nanoparticles

In view of the continuous resistance to antibacterial agents by bacteria and the existing problems of silver nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent, this study reports on the synthesis of pure zirconium oxide, silver oxide, and ZrO2-Ag2Onanoparticles by sol-gel method. The nanoparticles were analyzed and tested for their antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and gram-negative of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella oxytoca. X-ray diffraction showed the monoclinic ZrO2, cubicAg2O, and peaks corresponding to ZrO2 and Ag2O in their mixed samples. Scanning electron microscopy showed spherically shaped nanoparticles while dynamic light scattering analysis showed ZrO2 (76 nm), Ag2O (50 nm), and ZrO2-Ag2O samples between 14 and 42 nm. The Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy spectra of ZrO2 gave bands at 480 cm 1 to 750 cm 1 (M-O stretching) with Ag2O at 580 cm 1, while ZrO2-Ag2O samples showed bands at 760 cm 1. The screening by agar diffusion assay revealed a pronounced increase in the antibacterial activity of ZrO2-Ag2O against all the tested bacteria when compared with the pure ZrO2 and Ag2O. The improved antibacterial activity of ZrO2-Ag2O largely results from the chemical stability conferred on it by the ZrO2 as observed from the zeta potential measurement

Review of the synthesis, characterization and application of zirconia mixed metal oxide nanoparticles

There has been different synthetic route used for the synthesis of zirconia mixed metal oxide nanoparticles. The different synthetic methods coupled with other factors like concentration, PH, type of precursor used etc help to synthesize zirconia mixed metal oxide nanoparticles having different physicochemical properties. This paper discusses the different synthetic routes of sol-gel, hydrothermal and coprecipitation method for the formation of zirconia in combination with other metal oxide to form zirconia mixed metal oxide nanoparticles, the physicochemical properties of the synthesized zirconia mixed metal oxide nanoparticle, their characterization and application

Inclusión de la mercadotecnia para una mayor satisfacción en servicios odontológicos ofertados

http://revmedforense.uv.mx/index.php/RevINMEFO/article/view/264

Inclusión de la mercadotecnia para una mayor satisfacción en servicios odontológicos ofertados

http://revmedforense.uv.mx/index.php/RevINMEFO/issue/view/Volumen%204%2C%20Suplemento%201%2C%20a%C3%B1o%202019/showTo

Distribution of Phorphiromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis

Objective: To determine and compare the distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in patients affected by Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PE). Materials and methods: This study involved 394 subjects divided into four groups, RA, PE, RA and PE and healthy subjects. PE was diagnosed by using clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing depth (PD) indexes. Presence of P. gingivalis and its genotypes was identified by polymerase chain reaction in subgingival biofilm. Results: P. gingivalis was more frequent in patients with RA (82.69%), and fimA II genotype was the most frequent in all groups, especially in PE/RA (76.71%). There was statistical difference (p < .05) regarding the frequency of P. gingivalis genotypes such as fimA Ib, II and III. Conclusions: Distribution of P. gingivalis fimA II genotypes was different among groups, it could play a critical role in the presence of PE in RA patients