1,252 research outputs found
Filtering Network Traffic Based on Protocol Encapsulation Rules
Packet filtering is a technology at the foundation of many traffic analysis tasks. While languages and tools for packet filtering have been available for many years, none of them supports filters operating on the encapsulation relationships found in each packet. This represents a problem as the number of possible encapsulations used to transport traffic is steadily increasing and we cannot define exactly which packets have to be captured. This paper presents our early work on an algorithm that models protocol filtering patterns (including encapsulation constraints) as Finite State Automata and supports the composition of multiple expressions within the same filter. The resulting, optimized filter is then translated into executable code. The above filtering algorithms are available in the NetBee open source library, which provides some basic tools for handling network packets (e.g., a tcpdump-like program) and APIs to build more advanced tool
Mental Health in the Italian Regions
Istat calculates the mental health index in the Italian regions. The mental health index is a measure of psychological distress obtained from the synthesis of the scores obtained by each individual aged 14 years and over on 5 questions extracted from the SF36-36 Item Short Form Survey questionnaire. The questions refer to the four main dimensions of mental health - anxiety, depression, loss of behavioural or emotional control and psychological well-being. The index varies between 0 and 100, with better psychological well-being conditions as the value of the index increases. Data is available for the period 2016-2022
Relaxing the EUās Common Position on Cuba would allow Europe to play a more active role in shaping the countryās development
Since 1996, the EUās Common Position on Cuba has made relations with the country contingent on democratic reforms. William M. LeoGrande assesses whether the EUās current approach requires updating in light of recent developments within Cuba. He writes that with the United Statesā influence undermined by years of hostile policies toward the country, a more conciliatory approach could allow Europe to play a central role in influencing Cubaās future direction
A Tunnel-aware Language for Network Packet Filtering
AbstractāWhile in computer networks the number of possible protocol encapsulations is growing day after day, network administrators face ever increasing difficulties in selecting accurately the traffic they need to inspect. This is mainly caused by the limited number of encapsulations supported by currently available tools and the difficulty to exactly specify which packets have to be analyzed, especially in presence of tunneled traffic. This paper presents a novel packet processing language that, besides Boolean filtering predicates, introduces special constructs for handling the more complex situations of tunneled and stacked encapsulations, giving the user a finer control over the semantics of a filtering expression. Even though this language is principally focused on packet filters, it is designed to support other advanced packet processing mechanisms such as traffic classification and field extraction. I
Modeling Complex Packet Filters with Finite State Automata
Designing an efficient and scalable packet filter for modern computer networks becomes each day more challenging: faster link speeds, the steady increase in the number of encapsulation rules (e.g., tunneling) and the necessity to precisely isolate a given subset of traffic cause filtering expressions to become more complex than in the past. Most of current packet filtering mechanisms cannot deal with those requirements because their optimization algorithms either cannot scale with the increased size of the filtering code, or exploit simple domain-specific optimizations that cannot guarantee to operate properly in case of complex filters. This paper presents pFSA, a new model that transforms packet filters into Finite State Automata and guarantees the optimal number of checks on the packet, also in case of multiple filters composition, hence enabling efficiency and scalability without sacrificing filtering computation time
The Mean Deviation from the Median of the Dagum Distribution
The Dagum model is particularly suitable for the analysis of the distributions of economic quantities, such as income, assets and consumption. The purpose of this note is to derive the expression of the mean deviation from the median of the Dagum distribution to study the behavior of the scale and shape parameters in terms of absolute variability and in terms of relative variability
The Determinants of Landscape and Cultural Heritage Among Italian Regions in the Period 2004-2019
We estimate the Landscape and Cultural Heritage among Italian regions in the period 2004-2019 using data from ISTAT-BES. We use Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS, Dynamic Panel. We found that the Landscape and Cultural Heritage is negatively associated with āDissatisfaction with the landscape of the place of lifeā, āIllegal buildingā, āDensity and relevance of the museum heritageā, āInternal material consumptionā, āErosion of the rural space due to abandonmentā, āAvailability of urban greenā, and positively associated with āPressure from mining activitiesā, āErosion of the rural space by urban dispersionā, āConcern about the deterioration of the landscapeā, āDiffusion of agritourism farmsā, āCurrent expenditure of the Municipalities for cultureā. Secondly, we have realized a cluster analysis with the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette Coefficient and we found two clusters in the sense of āConcern about the deterioration of the landscapeā. Finally, we use eight different machine learning algorithms to predict the level of āConcern about the deterioration of the landscapeā and we found that the Tree Ensemble Regression is the best predictor
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