Regulatorische Funktionen des Hippo-Signalwegs in der Aktivierung pankreatischer Sternzellen der Ratte

Die chronische Pankreatitis und das Pankreaskarzinom sind bisher unzureichend therapierbare Erkrankungen. Immunhistochemische Färbungen von YAP in pankreatischen Gewebsschnitten von Ratten und Mäusen legen eine Beteiligung des Hippo-Signalwegs an der Entstehung der chronischen Pankreatitis und Organfibrose nahe. TGF-beta erhöht die YAP-Aktivität in pankreatischen Sternzellen, während IFN-gamma und MAP-Kinase-Inhibitoren einen gegenteiligen Effekt haben. Eine YAP-Inhibition kann die Proliferation von pankreatischen Sternzellen hemmen, ohne deren Aktivierung signifikant zu beeinflussen

Recurrent Glioblastoma—Molecular Underpinnings and Evolving Treatment Paradigms

Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal central nervous system malignancy with a median survival after progression of only 6–9 months. Major biochemical mechanisms implicated in glioblastoma recurrence include aberrant molecular pathways, a recurrence-inducing tumor microenvironment, and epigenetic modifications. Contemporary standard-of-care (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields) helps to control the primary tumor but rarely prevents relapse. Cytoreductive treatment such as surgery has shown benefits in recurrent glioblastoma; however, its use remains controversial. Several innovative treatments are emerging for recurrent glioblastoma, including checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, nanoparticle delivery, laser interstitial thermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy. This review seeks to provide readers with an overview of (1) recent discoveries in the molecular basis of recurrence; (2) the role of surgery in treating recurrence; and (3) novel treatment paradigms emerging for recurrent glioblastoma