APLICANDO O RECONHECIMENTO VISUAL DE MOVIMENTOS DA LÍNGUA PARA DINÂMICAS DE JOGOS DIGITAIS EM TERAPIAS FONOAUDIOLÓGICAS

Os avanços tecnológicos dos últimos anos trouxeram benefícios para profissionais daárea de saúde, auxiliando-os na definição de diagnósticos precisos, intervenção depacientes e execução de atividades de reabilitação de uma maneira aprazível e interativa( Souza, 2011) . De acordo com Barra et al (2006), tais avanços contribuem para soluçõesde problemas antes insolúveis, podendo resultar em melhores condições de vida e saúdepara os pacientes.Uma das áreas tecnológicas que merece destaque são os Serious Games , ou jogos sérios,que são aplicações que vão além dos jogos tradicionais, incluindo a educação, gestãopública, treinamento militar, cuidados de saúde e terapia, entre outros (Orozco et al ,2012). Tecnologias de computação visual também possibilitam ao usuário a interaçãocom o computador de forma singular, oferecendo, também, uma forma mais eficiente deenvolvimento do usuário (Rodrigues, 2001).Como objetivo, este documento apresenta uma proposta de uma aplicação para serintegrada a um jogo sério para aplicação de exercícios de musculatura oral utilizados emterapias fonoaudiológicas via tecnologias de reconhecimento visual. Como princípio, acaptura desses movimentos da língua do paciente para serem aplicados em mini-jogosterapêuticos baseado nesses movimentos (esquerda e direita) capturados

‘O sibling, where art thou?’ – a review of avian sibling recognition with respect to the mammalian literature

Avian literature on sibling recognition is rare compared to that developed by mammalian researchers. We compare avian and mammalian research on sibling recognition to identify why avian work is rare, how approaches differ and what avian and mammalian researchers can learn from each other. Three factors: (1) biological differences between birds and mammals, (2) conceptual biases and (3) practical constraints, appear to influence our current understanding. Avian research focuses on colonial species because sibling recognition is considered adaptive where ‘mixing potential’ of dependent young is high; research on a wider range of species, breeding systems and ecological conditions is now needed. Studies of acoustic recognition cues dominate avian literature; other types of cues (e.g. visual, olfactory) deserve further attention. The effect of gender on avian sibling recognition has yet to be investigated; mammalian work shows that gender can have important influences. Most importantly, many researchers assume that birds recognise siblings through ‘direct familiarisation’ (commonly known as associative learning or familiarity); future experiments should also incorporate tests for ‘indirect familiarisation’ (commonly known as phenotype matching). If direct familiarisation proves crucial, avian research should investigate how periods of separation influence sibling discrimination. Mammalian researchers typically interpret sibling recognition in broad functional terms (nepotism, optimal outbreeding); some avian researchers more successfully identify specific and testable adaptive explanations, with greater relevance to natural contexts. We end by reporting exciting discoveries from recent studies of avian sibling recognition that inspire further interest in this topic

An experimental study of paternal behavior in red-winged blackbirds

The effect of brood size and female nesting status on male parental behavior was investigated in red-winged blackbirds Agelaius phoeniceus using brood size manipulation experiments. Male redwings allocated parental effort on the basis of brood size and nestling age. Males began assisting females only at nests with at least three offspring older than three days. Female nesting status had no singificant influence on male parental care. When females were unable to meet a brood's demand for food, males assisted females with nestling feeding. Females did not reduce the amount of food delivered to nestlings when males assisted. The amount of food brought to nestlings by the male was additional to the amount of food provided by the female. Male assistance increased fledgling success. When female provisioning was sufficient to meet a brood's demand for food males did not assist. The value of male parental care varied inversely with the ability of the female to meet nestling food demands. The ability of unassisted females to provide sufficient food and to raise a brood of nestlings successfully appeared to be influenced by resource abundance.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46891/1/265_2004_Article_BF00299713.pd

Generation of radicals in a flow reactor; ions and neutrals

Topological control of electronic spin states in disjoint diradicals meta- and para-bisallyl benzenes was studied in the gas phase. Electron affinities of the diradicals were determined by simple kinetic method analysis of the branching ratios of collisionally dissociated diradical/reference heterodimer anions. Electron affinities derived from these thermochemical measurements were used to assess the electronic spin state of the diradicals. para-bisallyl benzene has an electron affinity of 0.84 ± 0.15 eV with a singlet ground state. meta -bisallyl benzene has an electron affinity of 0.90 ± 0.15 eV with a triplet ground state. Topological control of electronic spin states in meta- and para-nitrophenylallyl anions was investigated by flow tube reactivity, low-pressure low-energy exothermic reactivity, and flow tube kinetics studies. Reactivity of the meta-isomer is consistent with closed shell anionic electronic structure while reactivity of the para-isomer is consistent with an open shell triplet electronic structure. Generation of acylnitrene anions by oxide transfer from substituted quinoline N-oxide anions to nitriles was investigated. Rates of quinoline N-oxide depletion as a function of electron withdrawing group functionalization was studied by flow tube kinetic reactivity with an array of neutral gases. Electron transfer to nitriles with high electron affinities, such as 4-cyanopyridine and tetracyanoethylene, is observed. A microwave discharge source for atomic radicals was developed for use in conjunction with the flow reactor. Atomic nitrogen and fluorine were generated and characterized by flow tube reactivity. Atomic nitrogen was used to generate phenide anion by addition to phenyl nitrene anion and benzoyl nitrene anion, followed by loss of N2, and N2 and CO respectively. Atomic fluorine was used to generate phenyl radical by hydrogen atom abstraction from benzene, characterized by the formation of F−(HF) n clusters