Blir fulltidsansatte motivert av andre belønningssystem enn deltidsansatte i butikkbransjen?

Formålet med oppgaven har vært å undersøke om fulltids - og deltidsansatte blir motivert av indre - eller ytre motivasjon for å oppnå jobbengasjement på arbeidsplassen. Oppgaven ble avgrenset til butikkbransjen og problemstillingen ble; “Blir fulltidsansatte motivert av andre belønningssystem enn deltidsansatte i butikkbransjen?” Bakgrunn for oppgaven er interesse for å bli ledere og klare å motivere ansatte i fremtiden. Det er studert teori om motivasjon og ulike belønningssystem, før oppgavens modell og hypoteser presenteres. Det ble benyttet kvantitativ metode, data ble innsamlet gjennom spørreundersøkelse via internett. Kvantitativ tilnærming gav mulighet til svar fra flest mulig respondenter. Undersøkelsen ble sendt ut via Facebook og mail, noe som resulterte i 405 totale svar fra respondenter, der 183 respondenter oppnådde alle krav til ønsket utvalg. Undersøkelsen bestod av femten spørsmål som målte jobbengasjement, indre motivasjon ytre motivasjon. Det ble også stilt spørsmål om kjønn, alder, hvor lang arbeidserfaring, bransje og hvilken stilling den ansatte hadde for å sile ut irrelevante respondenter. Spørsmålene fra undersøkelsen er lagt ved som vedlegg. Innsamlet data ble registrert i SPSS. Det ble utført en frekvensanalyse, konvergent faktoranalyse, KMO test og Cronbachs Alfa analyse. Det ble utført tre regresjonsanalyser, en av fulltidsansatte, en av deltidsansatte og en samlet regresjonsanalyse. Det ble også utarbeidet P-P Plot og Scatterplot og histogram med normalfordeling. Analysen gav støtte til hypotesene H1 og H2, det er negativ sammenheng mellom ytre motivasjon og jobbengasjement for fulltidsansatte og det er positiv sammenheng mellom indre motivasjon og jobbengasjement for fulltidsansatte. H3, det er positiv sammenheng mellom ytre motivasjon og jobbengasjement for deltidsansatte ble ikke signifikant og H4, det er negativ sammenheng mellom indre motivasjon og jobbengasjement for deltidsansatte, fikk ikke støtte. Konklusjonen består av hva resultatene kan brukes til, forslag til videre forskning, styrker og svakheter, konkrete tiltak man kan iverksette, og anbefalinger til hvordan resultatene kan bli brukt i en organisasjon

JAK-inhibitors and risk on serious viral infection, venous thromboembolism and cardiac events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis:A protocol for a prevalent new-user cohort study using the Danish nationwide DANBIO register

Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKis) are targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and represent an important alternative to treat patients with moderate to high rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity. Safety concerns associated with increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), serious viral infection, and, more recently, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in JAKi users have emerged worldwide. However, as the exact mechanisms to explain these safety concerns remain unclear, the increased risk of VTE, MACE, and serious viral infection in JAKi users is heavily debated. In light of the need to enrich the safety profile of JAKis in real-world data, we aim to quantify the incidence and risk of MACE, VTE, and serious viral infections in RA patients registered in the Danish DANBIO registry, a nationwide registry of biological therapies used in rheumatology. Therefore, we will conduct a population-based cohort study using a prevalent new-user design. We will identify all RA patients in the DANBIO, ≥ 18 years old, receiving a JAKi or a tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor (TNF-αi) from January 2017 to December 2022. Prevalent and new users of JAKis will be matched to TNF-αi comparators with similar exposure history using time-conditional propensity scores (TCPS). We will describe the cumulative incidence of the outcomes (VTE, MACE, serious viral infection) in each exposure group (JAKi users; TNF-αi users), stratified by outcome type. Additionally, the Aalen-Johansen method will be used to estimate the time-to-event survival function stratified by outcome type. We will also estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of each outcome in both exposure groups using the time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model. Results will enrich the safety profile of JAKis in real-world data

Getting the body back on track – Understanding the phenomenon of mobilisation when conscious and mechanically ventilated patients are mobilised in the intensive care unit

Objective To gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon of mobilisation when conscious and mechanically ventilated patients are mobilised in the intensive care unit. Design A qualitative study with a phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach. Data were generated in three intensive care units from September 2019 to March 2020. Participant observations of twelve conscious mechanically ventilated patients, thirty-five nurses and four physiotherapists were performed. Furthermore, seven semi-structured patient interviews were conducted, both on the ward and after discharge. Findings Mobilisation during mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit followed a trajectory from a failing body to a growing sense of independence in getting the body back on track. Three themes were revealed: ‘Challenging to move a failing body’, ‘Ambiguity of both resistance and willingness in the process of strengthen the body’, and ‘An ongoing effort in getting the body back on track’. Conclusions Mobilisation when conscious and mechanically ventilated included support of the living body by physical prompts and ongoing bodily guidance. Resistance and willingness regarding mobilisation were found to be a way of coping with bodily reactions of comfort or discomfort, embedded in a need to feel bodily control. The trajectory of mobilisation promoted a sense of agency, as mobilisation activities at different stages during the intensive care unit stay supported the patients in becoming more active collaborators in getting the body back on track. Implications for Clinical Practice Ongoing bodily guidance provided by healthcare professionals can promote bodily control and support conscious and mechanically ventilated patients in active participation in mobilisation. Furthermore, understanding the ambiguity of patients’ reactions caused by loss of bodily control provides a potential to prepare mechanically ventilated patients for and assist them with mobilisation. In particular, the first mobilisation in the intensive care unit seems to influence the success of future mobilisation, as the body remembers negative experiences.publishedVersio

Incidence of COVID-19 hospitalisation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:A nationwide cohort study from Denmark

Background: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk of infections due to impaired immune functions, disease activity, and treatment. This study investigated the impact of having SLE on the incidence of hospitalisation with COVID-19 infection. Methods: This was a nationwide cohort study from Denmark between 1 March 2020 to 2 February 2021, based on the linkage of several nationwide registers. The adjusted incidence of COVID-19 hospitalisation was estimated for patients with SLE compared with the general population in Cox-regression models. Among SLE patients, the hazard ratio (HR) for hospitalisation was analysed as nested case-control study. Results: Sixteen of the 2533 SLE patients were hospitalised with COVID-19 infection. The age-sex adjusted rate per 1000 person years was 6.16 (95% CI 3.76–10.08) in SLE patients, and the corresponding hazard ratio was 2.54 (95% CI 1.55–4.16) compared with the matched general population group after adjustment for comorbidities. Among SLE patients, hydroxychloroquine treatment was associated with a HR for hospitalisation of 0.61 (95% CI 0.19–1.88), and 1.06 (95% CI 0.3–3.72) for glucocorticoid treatment. Conclusion: Patients with SLE were at increased risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19