Final model describing the relationships among demographical variables, speech perception and vocabulary ability.

<p>Standardized path coefficients are presented at the midpoint of the unidirectional arrow paths (N = 115). Values noted besides the endogenous variables represent the percentage of variance accounted for each variable. The insignificant paths are shown in gray and their path coefficients are not presented. <i>e</i> represents the residuals in the prediction of endogenous factors from exogenous factors. Note: UNHS: universal newborn hearing screening, PTA: pre-implant hearing level, MEL: maternal education level.</p

The <i>a priori</i> model tested in the current study.

<p>This is a path diagram describing the hypothesized effects of demographical factors on speech perception and vocabulary skills. Unidirectional straight arrows indicate the predicted direction of the hypothesized effect. Note: UNHS: universal newborn hearing screening, PTA: pre-implant hearing level, MEL: maternal education level</p

Standardized direct, indirect, and total effects of variables on speech perception (N = 115).

<p>* <i>p</i> <0.05</p><p>** <i>p</i> <0.01</p><p>Note: HAT: hearing aid trial; MEL: maternal education level; UNHS: universal newborn hearing screening.</p><p>Standardized direct, indirect, and total effects of variables on speech perception (N = 115).</p

Demographics of children participated in the current study.

<p>Range of data is listed in the top row and mean and SD are listed in the bottom row for each subject group.</p

An example test set.

<p>It shows that each test set contains four pictures that are located in the four quadrants.</p

Unaided and aided hearing thresholds of children participated in the current study.

<p>Unaided and aided hearing thresholds of children participated in the current study.</p

Median sentence identification scores in quiet and in five noisy conditions.

<p>The error bars denote interquartile range. Note for all children with HI: the median scores at -5, 0, 5 and 10 dB S/Ns were calculated from two groups of children with HI. Performance at -10 dB S/N was calculated from children with moderate to severe HI because the task was too difficult for children with profound HI.</p

Scatter plot describing the relationship between tone identification and sentence perception in noise, illustrated with the respective regression equation.

<p>Scatter plot describing the relationship between tone identification and sentence perception in noise, illustrated with the respective regression equation.</p