Allelic association in bipolar 1 patients with cognitive manic symptoms (CMS) patients compared to non-CMS and to ABD controls in the <i>DAOA</i> and <i>COMT</i> genes.

a<p>SNP (minor allele(a)/major allele(b)).</p>b<p>gender and rs1718119 as covariate.</p>c<p>point-wise p-value from 10,000 pemutations with no covarite (EMP1).</p>d<p>corrected empirical p-value by max (T) permutation.</p>e<p>odds ratio (OR), the proportion of minor versus major allele affected (cognitive manic symptoms factor)/proportion of minor versus major allele unaffected (non-cognitive manic symptoms factor or ABD controls).</p>*<p>significant after correction for multiple testing by max (T) permutation.</p

Haplotype association of haplotype group 1 in bipolar 1 patients with cognitive manic symptoms (CMS) compared with non-CMS patients or ABD controls in the <i>DAOA</i> gene.

a<p>frequency (F) in sample.</p>b<p>gender and rs1718119 as covariates.</p>c<p>odds ratios (OR) for each haplotype.</p

LD structure of a) the <i>DAOA</i> gene and b) the <i>COMT</i> gene, showing the SNPs analyzed.

<p>The numbers in the squares represent the pair-wise Dvalue, empty squares stand for D = 1. Pink-red color indicates a pair-wise LOD >2 with color intensity proportional to D. With squares indicates LOD<2. Haplotype blocks are formed if 95% of comparisions are strong LD that is the 95% CI of Dis within [0.7-0.98]. Haplotype group 1 includes rs3916967, rs2391191, rs1935062.</p

Clinical characteristics of the Bipolar 1 patient sample.

*<p>having all three symptoms: talkativeness, distractibility, and tought disorder.</p

Allele frequency association results for rapid cycling.

<p>Alleles, minor allele first.</p><p>*Ancestral allele in CEU population data (CEPH (Utah residents with ancestry from northern and western Europe)) from <a href="http://www.hapmap.org" target="_blank">www.hapmap.org</a>.</p><p>MAF, Minor allele frequencies for the affecteds (A) and unaffecteds (U).</p><p>ABD, anonymous blood donors.</p><p>Non-RC-BP, bipolar disorder patients without rapid cycling.</p><p>Odds ratio (OR), the proportion of minor versus major allele among affecteds (A)/proportion of minor versus major allele among unaffecteds (U).</p>a<p>Logistic regression with gender as covariate was used.</p><p>Empirical <i>P</i>-value (EMP1), Point-wise <i>P-</i>value from 10,000 permutations.</p

Haplotype association analysis results for rapid cycling.

<p>ABD, anonymous blood donors.</p><p>Non-RC-BP, bipolar disorder patients without rapid cycling.</p><p>Odds ratio (OR), the ratio specific haplotype versus all other haplotypes among the cases, relative to the ratio specific haplotype versus all other haplotypes among the controls.</p>a<p>Logistic regression with gender as covariate was used.</p

The strength of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between pairs of SNPs in ABD controls for <i>P2RX7</i>.

<p>The heavy-line frame shows suggested haplotype blocks. The numbers in the squares represent the pair-wise D′ value, empty squares stand for D′ = 1. Pink-red color indicates a pair-wise LOD≥2 with redness proportional to D′. White-blue square indicates LOD<2.</p

SNPs analyzed in <i>P2RX7</i> gene.

a<p>Data from <a href="http://www.ensembl.org" target="_blank">www.ensembl.org</a> . Minor allele first.</p>b<p>Minor allele first, data from <a href="http://www.hapmap.org" target="_blank">www.hapmap.org</a>.</p>*<p>Ancestral allele in CEU population data (CEPH (Utah residents with ancestry from northern and western Europe)) from <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" target="_blank">www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</a>.</p><p>MAF, minor allele frequency.</p

<i>P2RX7</i> gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers.

<p><i>P2RX7</i> RNA expression was increased by sleep deprivation in men (filled diamonds) and women (open triangles). Blood draw (x-axis) was at 7 p.m. and thereafter once every 6 hours. Sleep deprivation was at time points #6, #7, #8 and #9. RNA levels are the normalized average of exon expression across the entire RefSeq transcript. Diamonds and triangles indicate mean and error bars indicate SEM.</p

Haplotype association for RC compared with nonRC patients and RC patients compared with blood donor controls, in the <i>P2RX7</i> gene.

<p>F_cases/F_controls, percent with that haplotype in the RC group/non-RC/ABD controls with that haplotype, with successful haplotyping.</p>a<p>not corrected for multiple testing.</p>b<p>Odds ratio (OR), the ratio specific haplotype versus all other haplotypes among RC patients/ratio specific haplotype versus all other haplotypes among nonRC patients.</p