Δημόσιος Βίος και Θεσμοί της πόλεως του Γυθείου κατά τους Ρωμαϊκούς Χρόνους

Το αρχαίο Γύθειο επί σειρά αιώνων αποτελούσε το κεντρικό λιμάνι της Σπάρτης. Η ανάμιξη των Ρωμαίων στις ελληνικές υποθέσεις είχε ως αποτέλεσμα την απόσπαση του Γυθείου από το σπαρτιατικό άρμα. (195π.Χ.). Μέχρι το 146 π.Χ. το Γύθειο μαζί με άλλες πόλεις της Λακωνίας βρισκόταν στην κηδεμονία της Αχαϊκής Συμπολιτείας. Από το 21 π.Χ. αποτελεί μέρος του Κοινού των Ελευθερολακώνων απολαμβάνοντας το προνόμιο της αυτονομίας, που χάρισε στο Κοινό ο ίδιος ο Αύγουστος. Η οικονομική κρίση που έπληττε την Πελοπόννησο, κατά τους τελευταίους προ-χριστιανικούς αιώνες, δεν άφησε το Γύθειο ανεπηρέαστο. Η πόλη διέρχεται κατά τον πρώτο αιώνα π.Χ. οικονομική κρίση, την οποία αντιμετωπίζει με τη βοήθεια γηγενών ή Ρωμαίων μεταναστών, που διέθεταν οικονομική επιφάνεια. Άλλωστε, το Γύθειο αποτελούσε πεδίο οικονομικών δραστηριοτήτων και ως εκ τούτου η βιωσιμότητα του εξυπηρετούσε τα συμφέροντα πλήθους ιδιωτών. Η επέκταση του ρωμαϊκού στοιχείου, είτε με την παρουσία Ρωμαίων μεταναστών, είτε με τη διάδοση της Ρωμαϊκής πολιτείας στα μέλη των ανωτέρων κοινωνικών στρωμάτων αποτέλεσε μέρος της νέας πραγματικότητας για τις ελληνικές πόλεις. Το Γύθειο, όπως ήταν φυσικό, δεν ξέφυγε από τον γενικό κανόνα. Ένα ακόμα στοιχείο, που επεκτείνεται στον ελληνικό χώρο, κατά τη Ρωμαϊκή περίοδο, είναι ο θεσμός της Αυτοκρατορικής λατρείας. Η λατρεία των ηγεμόνων, που παρατηρείται κατά την Ελληνιστική εποχή, εξελίσσεται με την εγκαθίδρυση της Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας και δίνει τη θέση της στην Αυτοκρατορική λατρεία. Το Γύθειο, όχι μόνον ακολούθησε τα νέα δεδομένα, αλλά με τη σύνταξη του Ιερού Νόμου ανήγαγε τον θεσμό της Αυτοκρατορικής λατρείας σε βασικό παράγοντα της πολιτικής του.The ancient Gythio for centuries was the central port of Sparta. The involvement of the Romans in Greek affairs resulted in the detachment of Gythio from the Spartan chariot. Until 146 B.C. Gythio together with other cities of Laconia was under the tutelage of the Achaean League. By 21 B.C. it was part of the League of Free Laconians, enjoying the privilege of autonomy granted to the League by Augustus. The economic crisis that hit the Peloponnese during the last pre-Cristian centuries didn’t leave Gythio unaffected. The city was going through an economic crisis during the first century B.C., which it faced up, accepting help by native people or Roman immigrants, who had an economic surface. Moreover, Gythio was a field of economic activities and that’s why its viability served the interests of many individuals. The expansion of the Rome element, either with the presence of the Roman immigrants or with the spread of the Roman state to the members of the upper social classes became part of the new reality for the Greek cities. Gythio of course, didn’t deviate from the general rule. Another element that extends to the Greek area during the Roman period is the institution of the Imperial Cult. The Cult of the rulers, which observed during the Hellenistic period, evolves with the establishment of the Roman Empire and gives away to the Imperial Cult. Gythio, not only followed the new data, but with the drafting of the Sacred Law made the institution of the Imperial Cult a key factor in its policy

Stochastic simulation of water demands within water resources management

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Traditionally, the use of stochastic models within water resources management aim to provide synthetically-generated inflow time series that reproduce the statistical regime of the historical data. On the other hand, the water uses are typically handled as steady-state elements, which follow a constant seasonal pattern over the entire simulation horizon. However, given that the demands are associated with highly uncertain hydroclimatic and socioeconomic factors, they should also be considered as random variables, as made for inflows. Using as example a complex hydrosystem in Western Thessaly, Greece, comprising both surface and groundwater resources to serve irrigation, water supply, environmental and hydroelectric uses, we demonstrate the advantages of a fully stochastic setting of the water management problem over its traditional configuration. Among others, we investigate the use of synthetic demands that are correlated with inflows, given that both are driven by hydroclimatic processes. Data syntheses are employed with the recently introduced AnySim stochastic simulation package (https://www.itia.ntua.gr/en/softinfo/33/).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; </jats:p

Three-dimensional characterization of collagen remodeling in cell-seeded collagen scaffolds via polarization second harmonic generation

In this study, we use non-linear imaging microscopy to characterize the structural properties of porous collagen-GAG scaffolds (CGS) seeded with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a co-culture previously reported to form vessel-like structures inside CGS. The evolution of the resulting tissue construct was monitored over 10 days via simultaneous two- and three-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. Time-lapsed 2- and 3-photon excited fluorescence imaging was utilized to monitor the temporal evolution of the vascular-like structures up to 100 µm inside the scaffold up to 10 days post-seeding. 3D polarization-dependent second harmonic generation (PSHG) was utilized to monitor collagen-based scaffold remodeling and determine collagen fibril orientation up to 200 µm inside the scaffold. We demonstrate that polarization-dependent second harmonic generation can provide a novel way to quantify the reorganization of the collagen architecture in CGS simultaneously with key biomechanical interactions between seeded cells and CGS that regulate the formation of vessel-like structures inside 3D tissue constructs. A comparison between samples at different days in vitro revealed that gradually, the scaffolds developed an orthogonal net-like architecture, previously found in real skin.</jats:p

Polarization-Resolved Second Harmonic Generation for deep 3D characterization of collagen-based scaffold remodeling

Polarization resolved second harmonic generation has been used to study the evolution of cell induced collagen remodeling in 3D volumes of collagen-based scaffolds seeded endothelial cell, at increasing days in vitro.</jats:p