Effects of acute and chronic interval sprint exercise performed on a manually propelled treadmill on upper limb vascular mechanics in healthy young men

© 2016 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society. Interval sprint exercise performed on a manually propelled treadmill, where the hands grip the handle bars, engages lower and upper limb skeletal muscle, but little is known regarding the effects of this exercise modality on the upper limb vasculature. We tested the hypotheses that an acute bout of sprint exercise and 6 weeks of training induces brachial artery (BA) and forearm vascular remodeling, favoring a more compliant system. Before and following a single bout of exercise as well as 6 weeks of training three types of vascular properties/methodologies were examined in healthy men: (1) stiffness of the entire upper limb vascular system (pulse wave velocity (PWV); (2) local stiffness of the BA; and (3) properties of the entire forearm vascular bed (determined by a modified lumped parameter Windkessel model). Following sprint exercise, PWV declined (P \u3c 0.01), indices of BA stiffness did not change (P ≥ 0.10), and forearm vascular bed compliance increased and inertance and viscoelasticity decreased (P ≤ 0.03). Following manually propelled treadmill training, PWV remained unchanged (P = 0.31), indices of BA stiffness increased (P ≤ 0.05) and forearm vascular bed viscoelasticity declined (P = 0.02), but resistance, compliance, and inertance remained unchanged (P ≥ 0.10) compared with pretraining values. Sprint exercise induced a more compliant forearm vascular bed, without altering indices of BA stiffness. These effects were transient, as following training the forearm vascular bed was not more compliant and indices of BA stiffness increased. On the basis of these data, we conclude that adaptations to acute and chronic sprint exercise on a manually propelled treadmill are not uniform along the arterial tree in upper limb

Time-Restricted Eating In Women - A Pilot Study

Background: There is a growing interest in intermittent fasting as a method of body fat loss. However, research on time-restricted eating, a type of intermittent fasting, is more limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of time-restricted eating on fat mass in women. Methods: 20 healthy, young (21.3 years ± 1.2 years), body mass stable (± 2.27 kg in the past 6 months) women completed a 4-week time-restricted eating study. During the intervention, participants restricted their daily food intake to an 8-hour period, i.e., between 1200 to 2000 hours. Changes in fat mass and body mass were assessed via densitometry (Bod Pod®). Hunger, satisfaction, fullness, and adherence were assessed on a weekly basis by self-report. Results: A 0.6 kg ± 1 kg decrease in body mass occurred after the 4 weeks (p = 0.015, n = 20) but changes in fat mass were non-significant. Women who performed strength training during the study experienced a 0.7 kg ± 0.5 kg decrease in fat mass (p = 0.037, n = 5). Overall protocol adherence was high (\u3e5.5 d/wk) throughout the intervention. Hunger, satisfaction, and fullness remained constant over the study. Conclusions: Participants seemed to adapt to the time-restricted eating regime quickly and were able to sustain it over a 4-week period. Body mass and fat mass losses were small overall; however, some individuals responded substantially. Perhaps a longer intervention is needed to produce consistency. Time-restricted eating appears to have potential as a fat loss strategy; however, no definitive conclusions can be made regarding its effectiveness at present. More research is needed

Postexercise muscle glycogen recovery enhanced with a carbohydrate-protein supplement

Contains fulltext : 157703.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)RU Radboud Universiteit, 13 mei 2016Promotores : Christianen, P.C.M., Maan, J.C.93 p