211 research outputs found
Bayesian Reconstruction of Approximately Periodic Potentials at Finite Temperature
The paper discusses the reconstruction of potentials for quantum systems at
finite temperatures from observational data. A nonparametric approach is
developed, based on the framework of Bayesian statistics, to solve such inverse
problems. Besides the specific model of quantum statistics giving the
probability of observational data, a Bayesian approach is essentially based on
"a priori" information available for the potential. Different possibilities to
implement "a priori" information are discussed in detail, including
hyperparameters, hyperfields, and non--Gaussian auxiliary fields. Special
emphasis is put on the reconstruction of potentials with approximate
periodicity. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated for a numerical
model.Comment: 18 pages, 17 figures, LaTe
Mean Field Methods for Atomic and Nuclear Reactions: The Link between Time--Dependent and Time--Independent Approaches
Three variants of mean field methods for atomic and nuclear reactions are
compared with respect to both conception and applicability: The time--dependent
Hartree--Fock method solves the equation of motion for a Hermitian density
operator as initial value problem, with the colliding fragments in a continuum
state of relative motion. With no specification of the final state, the method
is restricted to inclusive reactions. The time--dependent mean field method, as
developed by Kerman, Levit and Negele as well as by Reinhardt, calculates the
density for specific transitions and thus applies to exclusive reactions. It
uses the Hubbard--Stratonovich transformation to express the full
time--development operator with two--body interactions as functional integral
over one--body densities. In stationary phase approximation and with Slater
determinants as initial and final states, it defines non--Hermitian,
time--dependent mean field equations to be solved self--consistently as
boundary value problem in time. The time--independent mean field method of
Giraud and Nagarajan is based on a Schwinger--type variational principle for
the resolvent. It leads to a set of inhomogeneous, non--Hermitian equations of
Hartree--Fock type to be solved for given total energy. All information about
initial and final channels is contained in the inhomogeneities, hence the
method is designed for exclusive reactions. A direct link is established
between the time--dependent and time--independent versions. Their relation is
non--trivial due to the non--linear nature of mean field methods.Comment: 21 pages, to be published in European Physical Journal
A Bayesian Approach to Inverse Quantum Statistics
A nonparametric Bayesian approach is developed to determine quantum
potentials from empirical data for quantum systems at finite temperature. The
approach combines the likelihood model of quantum mechanics with a priori
information over potentials implemented in form of stochastic processes. Its
specific advantages are the possibilities to deal with heterogeneous data and
to express a priori information explicitly, i.e., directly in terms of the
potential of interest. A numerical solution in maximum a posteriori
approximation was feasible for one--dimensional problems. Using correct a
priori information turned out to be essential.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, revte
Continuum Singularities of a Mean Field Theory of Collisions
Consider a complex energy for a -particle Hamiltonian and let
be any wave packet accounting for any channel flux. The time independent
mean field (TIMF) approximation of the inhomogeneous, linear equation
consists in replacing by a product or Slater
determinant of single particle states This results, under the
Schwinger variational principle, into self consistent TIMF equations
in single particle space. The method is a
generalization of the Hartree-Fock (HF) replacement of the -body homogeneous
linear equation by single particle HF diagonalizations
We show how, despite strong nonlinearities in this mean
field method, threshold singularities of the {\it inhomogeneous} TIMF equations
are linked to solutions of the {\it homogeneous} HF equations.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figure
Antisymmetrization of a Mean Field Calculation of the T-Matrix
The usual definition of the prior(post) interaction between
projectile and target (resp. ejectile and residual target) being contradictory
with full antisymmetrization between nucleons, an explicit antisymmetrization
projector must be included in the definition of the transition
operator, We derive the
suitably antisymmetrized mean field equations leading to a non perturbative
estimate of . The theory is illustrated by a calculation of forward
- scattering, making use of self consistent symmetries.Comment: 30 pages, no figures, plain TeX, SPHT/93/14
Quantum Bayes rule
We state a quantum version of Bayes's rule for statistical inference and give
a simple general derivation within the framework of generalized measurements.
The rule can be applied to measurements on N copies of a system if the initial
state of the N copies is exchangeable. As an illustration, we apply the rule to
N qubits. Finally, we show that quantum state estimates derived via the
principle of maximum entropy are fundamentally different from those obtained
via the quantum Bayes rule.Comment: REVTEX, 9 page
When lack of control enhances closeness to others : the case of unemployment and economic threat
When personal control is threatened, people often turn to their own group
and show negativity towards others. In three studies, we tested an alternative prediction that the salient lack of personal control (vs. control) experienced in the context of unemployment can lead to connectedness and
more positive perception of similar others (e.g., members of groups affected
by unemployment or the economic crisis). In two European countries, we
found experimental (Study 1: Poland) and correlational (Study 2: Spain)
evidence that a lowered sense of control of unemployed people was related
to more favorable intergroup evaluations. Furthermore, when lack of control related to unemployment threat was experimentally induced, participants perceived a Greek outgroup more positively, and this effect was
mediated by identification with and similarity to this group (Study 3). We
discuss the role of the shared experience of collective uncontrollability in
promoting positive intergroup relation
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