The development of artificial organs and prostheses worldwide and in the Ottoman Empire

WOS: 000382449400005PubMed: 24944051An artificial organ or prosthesis is a man-made device that is implanted or integrated into a human to replace a natural organ. There were many historical steps in the development of artificial organs and prostheses. New surgical techniques, the development of prosthetic materials and the creative ideas of engineers led to progress in this field

Efficacy of Curcumin in the healing of paracentesis in rats

WOS: 000330916100021PubMed: 24355767Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the possible beneficial effect of Curcumin (CMN) in healing of paracentesis in terms of wound thickness, sclerosis and closure by histological evaluation. To evaluate the efficacy of CMN, paracentesis was performed experimentally in the rats; and the results were presented histologically. Methods: Sixteen, each 270-310 g weighted, healthy Sprague-Dawley female rats were included into the study. In both groups, paracentesis was performed into the eardrum bilaterally. In Group 1 (Paracentesis + Saline Group), saline drop was applied; and in Group 2 (Paracentesis + Curcumin group), Curcumin drop treatment was applied. Paracentesis area did not healed bilaterally in two rats (one in Group 1 and one in Group 2). Therefore, these two rats were excluded from the study. Histological examination performed in 14 rats and 28 temporal bones on the 15th day after the completion of drop treatment and closure of the paracentesis-area and wound healing were evaluated according to the histological examination criteria: Thickening of the tympanic membrane (ThicTM); and sclerosis. Results: Both tympanic membrane thickening and sclerosis values of Paracentesis + Curcumin Group (Group 2) were significantly lower than those of the Paracentesis + Saline Group's (median: 2.0) (p = 0.001). Histological examination by light microscopy showed that in Paracentesis + Curcumin Group (Group 2), the structure of the tympanic membrane is near to the normal and decreased sclerosis was observed in connective tissue. Whereas in Paracentesis + Saline Group (Group 1), tympanic membrane thickening and connective tissue sclerosis were observed. Conclusions: Curcumin improves wound healing process in paracentesis of TM. By using Curcumin drops, the closured paracentesis area was observed near to the normal eardrum; and thickness of the TM and sclerosis were less than the control, showing the improved healing at 15th day. The possible mechanisms may be anti-inflammatory effect, improving collagen deposition, and increasing fibroblast and vascular density in wounds thereby enhancing impaired wound healing. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Continuous Education and Scientific Research AssociationExcept data collection, preparation of this paper including designing and planning was supported by Continuous Education and Scientific Research Association

Investigation of the Presence of Biofilms in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, Nonsuppurative Otitis Media, and Chronic Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Objective. Biofilms have been shown to play a major role in the pathogenesis of otolaryngologic infections. However, very limited studies have been undertaken to demonstrate the presence of biofilms in tissues from patients with chronic otitis media (COM) with or without cholesteatoma. Our objective is to study the presence of biofilms in humans with chronic suppurative and nonsuppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma. Study Design. In all, 102 tissue specimens (middle ear, mastoid tissue, and ossicle samples) were collected during surgery from 34 patients. Methods. The samples were processed for the investigation of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results. Our research supports the hypothesis in which biofilms are involved in chronic suppurative otitis media, cholesteatoma, and, to a lesser degree, chronic nonsuppurative otitis media. There were higher rates in hypertrophic and granulated tissue samples than in normal mucosa. In addition, the presence of biofilms was significantly higher in the middle ear mucosa compared with the mastoid and ossicle samples. Conclusion. In the clinic, the careful use of topical or systemic antimicrobials is essential, and, during surgery, hypertrophic tissue must be carefully removed from normal tissue

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Curcumin in Experimentally Induced Acute Otitis Media in Rats

WOS: 000335494400004PubMed: 24642584Objectives: We investigated the effect of curcumin (CMN) in the treatment of experimentally induced acute otitis media (AOM) in rats. Method: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley female rats were used, yielding 64 temporal bones. Group 1 was the control group. For groups 2 to 4, AOM was induced experimentally, and saline, antibiotics (sulbactam-ampicillin), or CMN were administered for 14 days to groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. During the histological examination, thickening of the tympanic membrane, damage to the epithelium, inflammation, and sclerosis were evaluated. Results: The AOM+antibiotic and AOM+CMN groups exhibited reduced histological damage compared with the AOM+saline group. No significant differences in thickening of the tympanic membrane or damage to the epithelium or inflammation were observed between the AOM+antibiotic and the AOM+CMN groups. However, the sclerosis values of the AOM+CMN group were significantly lower than those of the AOM+antibiotic group. Conclusion: CMN treatment resulted in similar effects on the experimentally induced AOM model as did the antibiotic treatment. The efficacy of this treatment may be related to its effects on the production of various inflammatory cytokines. In light of the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance and the mild side effects of CMN, we suggest that CMN therapy may be a promising option in AOM treatment

Efervesan tabletler: İlaç kullanımı için güvenli vepratik bir uygulama sistemi

Efervesans, bir sıvı içinde oluflan kimyasal reaksiyon sonucu, çözünme ve gaz kabarcıklarının oluflması olarak tarif edilmektedir. Tıbbi kullanımda efervesan tabletler, verilen ilacın hızlı emilimini sa¤lamaya yönelik bir özellik taflımaktadır. Verilen ilaç, e¤er su içinde yeterli dozda ve kolayca çözünürse daha hızlı ve etkin flekilde emilim sa¤lanacaktır. Kö- pürme reaksiyonu için genellikle sitrik, malik, tartarik, adipik veya fumarik asitler kullanılmaktadır. En sık tercih edilen, ürüne hafif bir limon aroması da veren sitrik asittir. Tartarik, adipik ve fumarik asitler, suda çözünürlükleri daha düflük oldu¤u için daha az miktarlarda kullanılırlar. Uygun ilaç dozu alımının sa¤lanması, ilaca uyumun kolaylafltı- rılması, hızlı ve daha iyi emilim, hastanın sıvı alımının artırılması ve bü- yük tabletlerin yutulma zorlu¤unun ortadan kaldırılması için efervesan tabletler kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, teknolojik açıdan efervesan tabletler de¤erlendirilmifl, avantaj ve dezavantajları tanımlanmıfltır.Effervescence is defined as the evolution of gas bubbles from a liquid as aresult of a chemical reaction. For medicinal use, effervescent tablets havespecific characteristics that allow rapid adsorption of the intended drug.In this manner, a medication can be absorbed easily and effectively if itdissolves easily in water and is present at a sufficient dose. Common acidsutilized for effervescent reactions are citric, malic, tartaric, adipic andfumaric acids. Citric acid is most commonly used for this application,which also adds a citrus-like taste to the products. Tartaric, adipic andfumaric acids are usually used in small amounts, due to their low watersolubility. Effervescent tablets are used to simplify the handling of doses,provide optimal compatibility, promote superior and rapid absorption,increase a patient's liquid intake and circumvent the difficulty of swallowing large pills. This review defines effervescent tablets in terms of thetechnology and describes the advantages and disadvantages

Update on local allergic rhinitis

WOS: 000380082000020PubMed: 27368453We here provide an update on the literature regarding local allergic rhinitis (LAR). In reviewing LAR, we have included an updated definition, classifications, mechanisms, comorbidities, and recommendations for diagnosis and treatment for LAR, as well as the defined research areas for future evidence-based studies. LAR is a localised nasal allergic response in the absence of systemic atopy characterised by local production of specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies, a TH2 pattern of mucosal cell infiltration during natural exposure to aeroallergens, and a positive nasal allergen provocation test response, with the release of inflammatory mediators. The localised allergic response of LAR is an important topic for the study of allergies. This review provides an update on the current knowledge of LAR. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Continuing Education and Scientific Research AssociationPreparation of this paper, including design and planning, was supported by the Continuing Education and Scientific Research Association

Effervescent tablets: a safe and practical delivery system for drug administration

WOS: 000376231700010Effervescence is defined as the evolution of gas bubbles from a liquid as a result of a chemical reaction. For medicinal use, effervescent tablets have specific characteristics that allow rapid adsorption of the intended drug. In this manner, a medication can be absorbed easily and effectively if it dissolves easily in water and is present at a sufficient dose. Common acids utilized for effervescent reactions are citric, malic, tartaric, adipic and fumaric acids. Citric acid is most commonly used for this application, which also adds a citrus-like taste to the products. Tartaric, adipic and fumaric acids are usually used in small amounts, due to their low water solubility. Effervescent tablets are used to simplify the handling of doses, provide optimal compatibility, promote superior and rapid absorption, increase a patient's liquid intake and circumvent the difficulty of swallowing large pills. This review defines effervescent tablets in terms of the technology and describes the advantages and disadvantages

Vocal Fold Hyperplastic Lesions: an Evaluation of Surgical Outcome with Videolaryngostroboscopy

Background: Vocal fold hyperplastic lesions are premalignant lesions that can be treated effectively by removal of the lesions surgically. Aims: The aim of this study was to discuss the success of surgery in patients with vocal fold hyperplastic lesions in terms of preserving vibratory function by comparing the preoperative and postoperative videolaryngostroboscopy findings. Study Design: The medical charts and videolaryngostroboscopic recordings of patients diagnosed with hyperplastic lesions on the vocal folds were reviewed retrospectively. Methods: Twenty seven patients with unilateral lesions who underwent type1 subepithelial cordectomy were enrolled in the study. The videolaryngostroboscopic recordings were evaluated by three raters who were not the operating surgeon and who were blinded to the histology of patients. To evaluate the videolaryngostroboscopic findings, a form, which is a modification of criteria described by Hirano and Bless, was used. Preoperative and 6th month postoperative videolaryngostroboscopic recordings were compared with each other and with recordings of the control group, which included 50 healthy volunteers. Results: All videolaryngostroboscopic findings, except false cord vibration, were significantly improved after surgery. Conclusion: The principle of vocal fold surgery in patients with benign lesions is to preserve the vibratory tissue. This principle also applies to patients with hyperplastic lesions that are premalignant. The hydrodissection technique may be beneficial for this purpose