252 research outputs found
Patientsâ involvement in nursing studentsâ clinical education: A scoping review
BACKGROUND: Actual contacts with patients are crucial in developing the skills that students need when working with patients. Patients are accustomed to the presence of students. The concept of learning from patients has emerged recently, shifting the focus from learning from professionals as role models to the relationship between the student and patient.AIM: With focus on patients' perspective in clinical practice placements, this scoping review aims to review and summarize the existing empirical literature regarding patients' involvement in nursing students' clinical education.DESIGN AND METHOD: A broad search without time limitations was performed in the databases CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and ERIC. A manual search was also performed. Only empirical studies describing aspects of patient involvement in nursing education from the patient's perspective were taken into account. Thirty-two studies published from 1985 to June 2016 met the selection criteria and were analysed using inductive content analysis.RESULTS: The perspective of real patients focused on their role in students' learning and assessment processes. In general, patients appreciated the opportunity to contribute to a student's learning process and thus enhance the quality of patient care. However, the patients' approaches varied from active to passive participants, comprising active participants contributing to students' learning, followers of care and advice, and learning platforms with whom students practiced their skills. Some patients perceived themselves as active participants who facilitated students' learning by sharing knowledge and experience about their own care and wellbeing as well as assessed students' performance by providing encouraging feedback.CONCLUSION: The state and degrees of patient involvement in nursing students' clinical education were made explicit by the literature reviewed. However, the number of studies examining the involvement of real patients in students' education in clinical settings is very limited. To understand this untapped resource better and to promote its full realization, recommendations for nursing education and future research are made.</p
Newly graduated nurses' empowerment regarding professional competence and other work-related factors
cited By 1Peer reviewe
Postdoctoral nursing researcher career: A scoping review of required competences
AimThe aim of this review was to identify and summarize the required competences of nursing PhD students and postdoctoral researchers to pursue a successful researcher career and to compare these competences with the existing competence frameworks.DesignScoping review.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, SocIndex, PsycInfo, Eric, EMBASE, Academic Search Premier and Scopus databases were searched from January 1990âDecember 2018. The guidelines of PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews and the scoping review framework by Arksey and OâMalley (2005, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 19) were applied.ResultsFortyâfour studies were reviewed comprising 15 competence domains. Competences corroborated the competences defined in the competence frameworks. However, the qualitative and descriptive research designs rendered a modest level of evidence and generalizability.</p
Factors associated with subsequent diabetes-related self-care activities: The role of social support and optimism
Aim This study aimed to explore how social support (external factor), optimism (internal factor) and their interaction associated with diabetes-related self-care activities (DRSCA) over 3 months among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design Both questionnaire-based and telephone-based survey were used. The data were collected face to face, the first time by questionnaire and the second time by telephone. Methods One hundred and fifty-five patients completed valid survey questionnaires (response rate was about 70% in the first and 62% in the second round). The association of social support and optimism with subsequent DRSCA was examined after adjusting for demographics and disease information. Results Based on results, optimism was significantly associated with subsequent DRSCA. In the dimensions of social support, objective social support and support use were significantly associated with subsequent DRSCA. The results showed that the mediation of optimism between the dimensions of social support and DRSCA was not significant after controlling for covariates. The results also indicated that social support and optimism played directly an important role in improving diabetes-related self-care activities
Measuring Quality of Care: A Rasch Validity Analysis of the Good Nursing Care Scale
BACKGROUND: Patient-centeredness is emphasized
in both health policies and practice, calling for reliable instruments
for the evaluation of the quality of nursing care.PURPOSE: The
purpose was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Good Nursing
Care Scale (GNCS) in a sample of surgical patients and nurses.METHODS: An
explorative cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected
with the 40-item GNCS from surgical patients (n = 476) and nurses (n =
167) in Finland. The data were analyzed with Rasch analysis.RESULTS: The
GNCS provided evidence of unidimensionality with acceptable
goodness-of-fit to the Rasch model in both samples. Person-separation
validity was acceptable. Person misfit was reasonable. The
Rasch-equivalent Cronbach α was 0.81 (patient data) and 0.88 (nurse
data).CONCLUSIONS: The findings support that the GNCS is
a psychometrically sound instrument that can be used in measuring the
quality of nursing care, from the perspective of both patients and
nurses.</div
Ethical issues in the care of patients with stroke: A scoping review
Aims and objectives: The aim was to identify and analyse the ethical
issues in the care of patients with stroke (PwS). The goal was to
understand the nature of the existing knowledge on the topic and to
identify whether there are ethical issues specific to the care of PwS.
Background: Stroke is a disease with possible multiple effects on the
patient's overall condition and experienced ethical issues in the care.
Additionally, stroke impacts the life of the significant other. For
health professionals, the care of PwS is challenging at different stages
of the care process. The care of stroke includes several ethically
sensitive situations from the perspectives of all participants. Design:
Scoping review. Methods: The review was conducted following the
five-stage methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley (2005). The
literature search was conducted in several electronic databases and
complemented with a manual search, resulting in 15 reviewed articles.
The analysis was conducted by charting descriptive numerical data and by
content analysis of the narrative representations. Results: The studies
focused on hospital or rehabilitation contexts and a high number of
studies had a qualitative approach. Three main themes were identifiable:
âdecision-making as an ethically challenging act,â âcare
process-specific ethical issuesâ and âenvironmental ethical issues.â.
Conclusions: Ethical issues occur at different stages of the care
process of PwS and from the viewpoints of all those involved. However,
not all the recognised ethical issues were stroke specific. As the
number of the reviewed articles was limited, more research is needed for
a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Relevance to clinical
practice: Individual health professionals may use the results in
observing their own action from an ethical perspective and to deepen the
ethical understanding of the care of PwS. In health care organisations,
the results may be used in developing the ethical quality of care.</p
Ethical problems in nursing management â a cross-sectional survey about solving problems
Background: Nurse managers encounter a wide range of ethical problems related to patients, staff, the organisation and themselves. However, little is known about the methods they use to try to solve these problems. In this study, our goal is to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the ethical problems encountered by nurse managers, the frequency of use and usefulness of different methods to solve these problems, and the background factors associated with the use of the methods.Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in November 2014-May 2015 in Finland. The data were collected from nurse managers in strategic, middle and ward management (n=214) using a questionnaire developed for this study. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: socio-demographic background factors, frequency and difficulty of ethical problems in nursing management, frequency of use and usefulness of the methods in solving ethical problems, and work-related background factors.Results: Discussions with nurses was the most frequently used method, used by 94% of the nurse managers either often or always in the case of ethical problems, followed by the use of personal values (74%) and discussions with manager colleagues (70%). However, almost all methods in the different groups - discussion and deliberation, use of outside experts, written instructions and ethical principles, acts and degrees as well as work arrangements - were considered somewhat or very useful by more than half of the respondents. The use of outside experts was the least used and the least useful method.Conclusions: When solving ethical problems, nurse managers use most frequently the same methods as a few decades ago. A more diverse range of methods would be helpful in ethical problem-solving. The use of outside experts, ethics literature and codes of ethics should be combined with ethical reasoning and decision-making to get new dimensions and outside knowledge.</div
Competence Assessment Instruments in Perianesthesia Nursing Care: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Purpose: To identify competence assessment instruments in perianesthesia nursing care and to describe the validity and reliability of the instruments.Design: A scoping review in a systematic manner.Methods: A search in CINAHL, MEDLINE, and ERIC was carried out to identify empirical studies from 1994 to 2015. A narrative synthesis approach was undertaken to analyze the data.Findings: Nine competence assessment instruments in perianesthesia nursing care were identified. The instruments used three types of data collection methods: Self-report, observation, and written examinations. The most commonly reported validity method was content validity involving expert panels and reliability tests for internal consistency and inter-rater's consistency.Conclusions: Integrating more than one data collection method may give support to overcoming some of the limitations, such as lack of objectivity and misinterpretation of the assessment results. In an ever-changing environment, perianesthesia nursing competence requires constant reassessment from the perspective of content validity, scoring methods, and reliability
Wrongdoing and whistleblowing in health care
AIM(S): To describe healthcare professionals' experiences of observed wrongdoing and potential whistleblowing acts regarding it. The main goal is to strengthen the whistleblowing process described based on the existing literature and to make it more visible for future research.DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional survey.METHODS: Data were collected between 26 June 2015-17 July 2015 from the Finnish trade union's membership register, electronically using one open question. A total of 226 healthcare professionals participated providing written narratives, which were analysed using inductive content analysis.FINDINGS: The whistleblowing process in health care was strengthened, identifying the content of observed wrongdoings and whistleblowing acts regarding them. Three themes were identified: wrongdoing related to patients, healthcare professionals, and healthcare managers. Whistleblowing acts were performed internally, externally, or left undone. Three main paths: internal, external, and no whistleblowing, between an observation of wrongdoing and whistleblowing act were identified.CONCLUSION: The whistleblowing process should be further developed and ethically effective programmes and interventions should be developed for increasing whistleblowing and preventing wrongdoing in health care.</p
Effectiveness of nursing interventions among patients with cancer: An overview of systematic reviews
Aims and objectives To explore nursing interventions used among patients with cancer and summarise the results of their effectiveness. The ultimate goal was to improve the quality of care and provide best evidence for clinicians to refer to while developing effective nursing interventions. Background Nursing interventions refer to actions that nurses take with the aim of improving the well-being of people with cancer-related health and care needs. A plethora of systematic reviews has been conducted in this research area, although with scattered results. We conducted a comprehensive review to identify and summarise the existing evidence. Methods This overview of systematic reviews adheres to the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched. Nine reviews reporting findings from 112 original studies published 2007?2017 met the selection criteria. The results of intervention effectiveness were analysed using descriptive quantification and a narrative summary of the quantitative data. Results The effectiveness of educational nursing interventions was inconsistent on quality of life, attitudes, anxiety and distress, but positive on level of knowledge, symptom severity, sleep and uncertainty. Psychosocial nursing interventions had a significant effect on spiritual well-being, meaning of life, fatigue and sleep. Psychological nursing interventions reduced cancer-related fatigue. Nursing interventions supporting patients? coping had a significant impact on anxiety, distress, fatigue, sleep, dyspnoea and functional ability. Activity-based interventions may prevent cancer-related fatigue. Conclusions Nursing interventions achieved significant physical and psychological effects on the lives of patients with cancer. Multidimensional nature of interventions by combining different elements reinforces the effect. Priorities for future research include identifying the most beneficial components of these interventions. Relevance to Clinical Practice Implementation of these nursing interventions into clinical practice is important to improve patients? knowledge and quality of life (QoL) as well as reducing various symptoms and side effects related to cancer and its treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p
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