155 research outputs found
Semi-Holographic Fermi Liquids
We show that the universal physics of recent holographic non-Fermi liquid
models is captured by a semi-holographic description, in which a dynamical
boundary field is coupled to a strongly coupled conformal sector having a
gravity dual. This allows various generalizations, such as a dynamical exponent
and lattice and impurity effects. We examine possible relevant deformations,
including multi-trace terms and spin-orbit effects. We discuss the matching
onto the UV theory of the earlier work, and an alternate description in which
the boundary field is integrated out.Comment: 26 pages, 4 figures; v2: typos corrected and report number adde
Geometry of Schroedinger Space-Times II: Particle and Field Probes of the Causal Structure
We continue our study of the global properties of the z=2 Schroedinger
space-time. In particular, we provide a codimension 2 isometric embedding which
naturally gives rise to the previously introduced global coordinates.
Furthermore, we study the causal structure by probing the space-time with point
particles as well as with scalar fields. We show that, even though there is no
global time function in the technical sense (Schroedinger space-time being
non-distinguishing), the time coordinate of the global Schroedinger coordinate
system is, in a precise way, the closest one can get to having such a time
function. In spite of this and the corresponding strongly Galilean and almost
pathological causal structure of this space-time, it is nevertheless possible
to define a Hilbert space of normalisable scalar modes with a well-defined
time-evolution. We also discuss how the Galilean causal structure is reflected
and encoded in the scalar Wightman functions and the bulk-to-bulk propagator.Comment: 32 page
The identification of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in prednisone-dependent eosinophilic bronchitis and asthma
This case reports the unique association of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease with eosinophilic bronchitis, asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis and some features of lymphocytic hypereosinophilic syndrome, describes a diagnostic protocol for patients with asthma and persistent eosinophilic bronchitis, and suggests that the use of a novel EPX-mAb provides a reliable method to identify eosinophilic inflammation
Shear Modes, Criticality and Extremal Black Holes
We consider a (2+1)-dimensional field theory, assumed to be holographically
dual to the extremal Reissner-Nordstrom AdS(4) black hole background, and
calculate the retarded correlators of charge (vector) current and
energy-momentum (tensor) operators at finite momentum and frequency. We show
that, similar to what was observed previously for the correlators of scalar and
spinor operators, these correlators exhibit emergent scaling behavior at low
frequency. We numerically compute the electromagnetic and gravitational
quasinormal frequencies (in the shear channel) of the extremal
Reissner-Nordstrom AdS(4) black hole corresponding to the spectrum of poles in
the retarded correlators. The picture that emerges is quite simple: there is a
branch cut along the negative imaginary frequency axis, and a series of
isolated poles corresponding to damped excitations. All of these poles are
always in the lower half complex frequency plane, indicating stability. We show
that this analytic structure can be understood as the proper limit of finite
temperature results as T is taken to zero holding the chemical potential fixed.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures, added reference
Holographic Superconductors in a Cohesive Phase
We consider a four-dimensional N=2 gauged supergravity coupled to matter
fields. The model is obtained by a U(1) gauging of a charged hypermultiplet and
therefore it is suitable for the study of holographic superconductivity. The
potential has a topologically flat direction and the parameter running on this
"moduli space" labels the new superconducting black holes. Zero temperature
solutions are constructed and the phase diagram of the theory is studied. The
model has rich dynamics. The retrograde condensate is just a special case in
the new class of black holes. The calculation of the entanglement entropy makes
manifest the properties of a generic solution and the superconductor at zero
temperature is in a confined cohesive phase. The parameter running on the
topologically flat direction is a marginal coupling in the dual field theory.
We prove this statement by considering the way double trace deformations are
treated in the AdS/CFT correspondence. Finally, we comment on a possible
connection, in the context of gauge/gravity dualities, between the geometry of
the scalar manifold in N=2 supergravity models and the space of marginal
deformations of the dual field theory.Comment: 32 pages, 11 figures. Introduction rewritten and clarified, comments
and details on section 4 added, acknowledgements rectified. To appear in JHE
Holographic Entanglement Entropy and Fermi Surfaces
The entanglement entropy in theories with a Fermi surface is known to produce
a logarithmic violation of the usual area law behavior. We explore the
possibility of producing this logarithmic violation holographically by
analyzing the IR regions of the bulk geometries dual to such theories. The
geometry of Ogawa, Takayanagi, and Ugajin is explored and shown to have a null
curvature singularity for all values of parameters, except for dynamical
critical exponent 3/2 in four dimensions. The results are extended to general
hyperscaling violation exponent. We explore strings propagating through the
singularity and show that they become infinitely excited, suggesting the
singularity is not resolved by stringy effects and may become a full-fledged
"stringularity." An Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton embedding of the nonsingular
geometry is exhibited where the dilaton asymptotes to a constant in the IR. The
unique nonsingular geometry in any given number of dimensions is proposed as a
model to study the T=0 limit of a theory with a Fermi surface.Comment: 20 pages plus appendices, 5 figures; v2 discussion clarified, results
generalized, and acknowledgments update
Differential relationships of family drinking with alcohol expectancy among urban school children
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Positive alcohol outcome expectancy has consistently been linked with problematic drinking, but there is little population-based evidence on its role on early stages of drinking in childhood. The present study seeks to understand the extent to which drinking of family members is differentially associated with the endorsement of alcohol expectancy in late childhood.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A representative sample of 4th and 6th graders (N = 2455) drawn from 28 public schools in an urban region of Taiwan completed a self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Each student provided information on alcohol expectancy, drinking experiences, and individual and family attributes. Complex survey analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship, with stratification by children's alcohol drinking history.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An estimated 29% of the 4<sup>th </sup>graders and 43% of the 6<sup>th </sup>graders had initiated alcohol consumption (over 40% of them had drank on three or more occasions). Alcohol drinking-related differences appear in both the endorsement and the correlates of alcohol expectancy. Positive alcohol expectancy was strongly associated with family drinking, particularly the dimension of "enhanced social behaviors"; negative alcohol expectancy was inversely associated with drinking frequency. Among alcohol naïve children, significant connections appear between paternal drinking and three dimensions of positive alcohol expectancy (i.e., enhanced social behaviors:β<sub>wt </sub>= 0.15, promoting relaxation or tension reduction:β<sub>wt </sub>= 0.18, and global positive transformation:β<sub>wt </sub>= 0.22).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Individual tailored strategies that address family influences on alcohol expectancy may be needed in prevention programs targeting drinking behaviors in children.</p
The Optokinetic Reflex as a Tool for Quantitative Analyses of Nervous System Function in Mice: Application to Genetic and Drug-Induced Variation
The optokinetic reflex (OKR), which serves to stabilize a moving image on the retina, is a behavioral response that has many favorable attributes as a test of CNS function. The OKR requires no training, assesses the function of diverse CNS circuits, can be induced repeatedly with minimal fatigue or adaptation, and produces an electronic record that is readily and objectively quantifiable
Mutator dynamics in sexual and asexual experimental populations of yeast
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In asexual populations, mutators may be expected to hitchhike with associated beneficial mutations. In sexual populations, recombination is predicted to erode such associations, inhibiting mutator hitchhiking. To investigate the effect of recombination on mutators experimentally, we compared the frequency dynamics of a mutator allele (<it>msh2</it>Δ) in sexual and asexual populations of <it>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mutator strains increased in frequency at the expense of wild-type strains in all asexual diploid populations, with some approaching fixation in 150 generations of propagation. Over the same period of time, mutators declined toward loss in all corresponding sexual diploid populations as well as in haploid populations propagated asexually.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We report the first experimental investigation of mutator dynamics in sexual populations. We show that a strong mutator quickly declines in sexual populations while hitchhiking to high frequency in asexual diploid populations, as predicted by theory. We also show that the <it>msh2Δ </it>mutator has a high and immediate realized cost that is alone sufficient to explain its decline in sexual populations. We postulate that this cost is indirect; namely, that it is due to a very high rate of recessive lethal or strongly deleterious mutation. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that <it>msh2</it>Δ also has unknown directly deleterious effects on fitness, and that these effects may differ between haploid asexual and sexual populations. Despite these reservations, our results prompt us to speculate that the short-term cost of highly deleterious recessive mutations can be as important as recombination in preventing mutator hitchhiking in sexual populations.</p
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