A study of event traffic during the shared manipulation of objects within a collaborative virtual environment

Event management must balance consistency and responsiveness above the requirements of shared object interaction within a Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) system. An understanding of the event traffic during collaborative tasks helps in the design of all aspects of a CVE system. The application, user activity, the display interface, and the network resources, all play a part in determining the characteristics of event management. Linked cubic displays lend themselves well to supporting natural social human communication between remote users. To allow users to communicate naturally and subconsciously, continuous and detailed tracking is necessary. This, however, is hard to balance with the real-time consistency constraints of general shared object interaction. This paper aims to explain these issues through a detailed examination of event traffic produced by a typical CVE, using both immersive and desktop displays, while supporting a variety of collaborative activities. We analyze event traffic during a highly collaborative task requiring various forms of shared object manipulation, including the concurrent manipulation of a shared object. Event sources are categorized and the influence of the form of object sharing as well as the display device interface are detailed. With the presented findings the paper wishes to aid the design of future systems

'All these negative thoughts come flooding in':how young people with depression describe their experience of rumination

AbstractRumination, or dwelling repeatedly on negative thoughts about the past, can prolong depression and make it worse. When treating clients with depression, it can be important to consider the behavioural, cognitive and emotional impact of rumination on their life. Previous research has examined adult experience of rumination, but the current study was the first to examine how young people with depression experience rumination. Seven young people with depression were interviewed about the cognitive content of their rumination episodes, the associated feelings, and any behavioural start and stop triggers. Interview transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Participants reported experiencing rumination as a disorientating cognitive battle, in which they felt under attack. The process elicited sadness predominantly, but also anger and anxiety, with mood and rumination often maintaining each other. Interpersonal interaction played a key role in starting and stopping rumination episodes. CBT-based interventions specifically targeting the ruminative process may be important for young people with depression, particularly interventions which consider the impact of family members or other systemic factors on rumination behaviour.</jats:p

Dietary protein recommendations to support healthy muscle ageing in the 21st Century and beyond:considerations and future directions

This review explores the evolution of dietary protein intake requirements and recommendations, with a focus on skeletal muscle remodeling to support healthy ageing based on presentations at the 2023 Nutrition Society summer conference. In this review, we describe the role of dietary protein for metabolic health and ageing muscle, explain the origins of protein and amino acid requirements, and discuss current recommendations for dietary protein intake, which currently sits at ∼0.8g·kg·-1day-1. We also critique existing (e.g., nitrogen balance) and contemporary (e.g., indicator amino acid oxidation) methods to determine protein/amino acid intake requirements and suggest that existing methods may underestimate requirements, with more contemporary assessments indicating protein recommendations may need to be increased to >1.0g·kg·-1day-1. One example of evolution in dietary protein guidance is the transition from protein requirements to recommendations. Hence, we discuss the refinement of protein/amino acid requirements for skeletal muscle maintenance with advanced age beyond simply the dose (e.g., source, type, quality, timing, pattern, nutrient co-ingestion) and explore the efficacy and sustainability of alternative protein sources beyond animal-based proteins to facilitate skeletal muscle remodeling in older age. We conclude that, whilst a growing body of research has demonstrated that animal-free protein sources can effectively stimulate support muscle remodeling in a manner that is comparable to animal-based proteins, food systems need to sustainably provide a diversity of both plant and animal source foods, not least for their protein content but other vital nutrients. Finally, we propose some priority research directions for the field of protein nutrition and healthy ageing

M. Mayo Citrin Correspondence

Entries include typed letters of correspondence from the Maine State Library

J. Otis Swift Correspondence

Entries include brief biographical information, a photographic portrait image of Swift with a print caption for an article about Swift in Family Circle magazine, a typed biographical letter on New York World-Telegram stationery with the Scripps-Howard lighthouse illustration, a tear sheet copy of the article Walks of Life written by Stewart Robinson based on an interview with Swift a former crime scene reporter who became a nature editor and leader of the Yosian Brotherhood by publishing weekly invites to his readers for scheduled hikes from the city with directions for train and bus, and copies of Yosian Brotherhood circulars sent to registered members by the New York World and in 1940 from the New York World-Telegram with Yosian movement philosophy, details concerning membership, descriptions of expeditions, and the Yosian Benediction