Initial Concept of Operations for Full Management by Trajectory

This document describes Management by Trajectory (MBT), a concept for future air traffic management (ATM) in which flights are assigned four-dimensional trajectories (4DTs) through a negotiation process between the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and flight operators that respects the flight operator's goals while complying with National Airspace System (NAS) constraints

Human Performance Models of Pilot Behavior

Five modeling teams from industry and academia were chosen by the NASA Aviation Safety and Security Program to develop human performance models (HPM) of pilots performing taxi operations and runway instrument approaches with and without advanced displays. One representative from each team will serve as a panelist to discuss their team s model architecture, augmentations and advancements to HPMs, and aviation-safety related lessons learned. Panelists will discuss how modeling results are influenced by a model s architecture and structure, the role of the external environment, specific modeling advances and future directions and challenges for human performance modeling in aviation

Offspring sex ratios in relation to mutual ornamentation and extra-pair paternity in the Black Swan Cygnus atratus

In sexually dichromatic birds, females may adaptively adjust the sex ratio of their offspring prior to hatching in relation to male ornamentation, for example, by producing more sons when paired to a highly attractive partner. However, to our knowledge no studies have investigated offspring sex ratio modification in species in which both sexes are ornamented, and it is unknown whether such a process would be adaptive. Here we examine variation in offspring sex ratio in the mutually ornamented Black Swan Cygnus atratus. Brood sex ratio was not related to the degree of ornament elaboration in either parent, or to extra-pair paternity. We suggest that parental attractiveness may not be inherited in a sex-linked manner, or may be largely non-heritable. Thus, females may not benefit from biasing the sex ratio of their offspring in relation to parental attractiveness

Additional file 10: of Regulatory and sequence evolution in response to selection for improved associative learning ability in Nasonia vitripennis

Table S5. Evolved expression changes in response to selection for increased learning ability. Thirty-six transcripts, expressed from 34 loci, showed evidence of evolved expression regulation that was consistent across four replicate pairs of lines, as identified by three complementary methods (see Methods and Additional file 8). Transcripts are in order of increasing Fold Change, with high Fold Change indicating elevated expression in lines selected for increased learning ability. Table includes Fold Change per line pair, test statistics for edgeR, correlations with PC 6 and Ď 2 tests within line pairs, chromosomal positions of transcripts, and additional annotations from NCBI and WaspAtlas [43]. (XLSX 53â kb

Additional file 6: of Regulatory and sequence evolution in response to selection for improved associative learning ability in Nasonia vitripennis

Table S4. Sequencing information for each of the eight pooled RNA libraries. (XLSX 40â kb

Additional file 4: of Regulatory and sequence evolution in response to selection for improved associative learning ability in Nasonia vitripennis

Table S3. Genes underlying consistently diverged SNPs. Included are genes carrying candidate SNPs in their gene bodies or in the regions 10â kb up- or downstream. (XLSX 93â kb

Additional file 3: of Regulatory and sequence evolution in response to selection for improved associative learning ability in Nasonia vitripennis

Table S2. Allele frequencies of the 118 significantly diverged SNPs in the selection and control lines. (XLSX 19â kb

Additional file 1: of Regulatory and sequence evolution in response to selection for improved associative learning ability in Nasonia vitripennis

Table S1. Sequencing information for each of the eight pooled genomic DNA libraries. (XLSX 9â kb

Additional file 23 of Inter- and intra-species variation in genome-wide gene expression of Drosophila in response to parasitoid wasp attack

List of all significant differentially expressed genes. FBgn: Flybase symbol; Symbol _mel: symbol of orthologous gene in D. melanogaster; Functional annotation: classification of gene in functional categories; Orthology: single-copy-ortholog (SCO), lineage-restricted (LR), paralog (PAR). Columns 5â 8 show the significant genes based on glmLRT (significant genes based on the likelihood ratio test) or glmQLT (significant genes at 5h based on the quasilikelihood ratio test and the normalization used (spAll: all species together, spClade: subset of species, mel: D. melanogaster, sec: D. sechellia, sim: D. simulans, yak: D. yakuba); Microarrays: significant genes found in [17] (PAR) and [14] (CvsS); Genome: significant genes found in [19] (SR=Selected Region, SS=Significant Site). (CSV 7 kb

Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (2001-2006)

The module was administered as a post-election interview. The resulting data are provided along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables in a single dataset. CSES Variable List The list of variables is being provided on the CSES Website to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module. Themes: MICRO-LEVEL DATA: Identification and study administration variables: mode of interview; gender of interviewer; date questionnaire administered; election type; weighting factors; if multiple rounds: percent of vote selected parties received in first round; selection of head of state; direct election of head of state and process of direct election; threshold for first-round victory; selection of candidates for the final round; simple majority or absolute majority for 2nd round victory; primary electoral district of respondent; number of days the interview was conducted after the election Demography: age; gender; education; marital status; union membership; union membership of others in household; business association membership, farmers´ association membership; professional association membership; current employment status; main occupation; socio economic status; employment type - public or private; industrial sector; current employment status, occupation, socio economic status, employment type - public or private and industrial sector of spouse; household income; number of persons in household; number of children in household under the age of 18; attendance at religious services; race; ethnicity; religiosity; religious denomination; language usually spoken at home; region of residence; rural or urban residence Survey variables: political participation during the recent election campaign (persuade others, campaign activities) and frequency of political participation; contacted by candidate or party during the campaign; respondent cast a ballot at the current and the previous election; vote choice (presidential, lower house and upper house elections) at the current and the previous election; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the current election; most important issue; evaluation of governments performance concerning the most important issue and in general; satisfaction with the democratic process in the country; attitude towards selected statements: it makes a difference who is in power and who people vote for; democracy is better than any other form of government; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the previous election; judgement of the performance of the party the respondent voted for in the previous election; judgement how well voters´ views are represented in elections; party and leader that represent respondent´s view best; form of questionnaire (long or short); party identification; intensity of party identification; sympathy scale for selected parties; assessment of parties and political leaders on a left-right-scale; political participation during the last 5 years: contacted a politician or government, protest or demonstration, work with others who share the same concern; respect for individual freedom and human rights; assessment how much corruption is widespread in the country; self-placement on a left-right-scale; political information items DISTRICT-LEVEL DATA: number of seats contested in electoral district, number of candidates, number of party lists, percent vote of different parties, official voter turnout in electoral district MACRO-LEVEL DATA: percent of popular vote received by parties in current (lower house/upper house) legislative election; percent of seats in lower house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percentage of official voter turnout; number of portfolios held by each party in cabinet, prior to and after the most recent election; year of party foundation; ideological family the parties are closest to; European parliament political group and international organization the parties belong to; significant parties not represented before and after the election; left-right position of parties; general concensus on these left-right placements among informed observers in the country; alternative dimension placements; consensus on the alternative dimension placements; most salient factors in the election; consensus on the salience ranking; electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign; name of alliance and participant parties; number of elected legislative chambers; for lower house and upper house was asked: number of electoral segments; number of primary districts; number of seats; district magnitude (number of members elected from each district); number of secondary and tertiary electoral districts; compulsory voting; votes cast; voting procedure; transferrable votes; cumulated votes if more than one can be cast; party threshold; used electoral formula; party lists close, open, or flexible; parties can run joint lists; possibility of apparentement; multi-party endorsements; ally party support; requirements for joint party lists; types of apparentement agreements; multi-party endorsements on ballot; head of state (regime type); year of presidential election (before or after this legislative election); process if indirect election; if by electoral college: selection of electors, deliberates, and voting procedure; if by legislature: chambers of the legislature, voting procedure; power of the head of state (introduce legislation, expedited action, package veto, partial veto, legislate by decree, emergency powers, negotiate agreements, commander of forces, introduce referenda, refer legislation to judiciary, legislative sessions); head of government (elected independently, is the head of state, selection method if not elected independently); authorities of the head of government concerning the composition of the cabinet (name ministers, nominate ministers, review ministerial nominations, dismiss ministers); authorities of the head of government concerning the policy making process (chair cabinet meetings, legislature schedules, policy alternatives, refers policy to committee, votes of confidence); methods of cabinet dismissal (head of state acting alone, by head of government alone, majority of legislature, plurality of legislature, combination); dissolution of legislature prior to regularly scheduled elections; dissolution of legislature by: head of state, head of government, majority of legislature, combination; restrictions on dissolving legislature (on the timing, as a response to action/inaction by the legislature); second chamber of the legislature (method of election, composition, exclusive legislative powers, power over the cabinet); constitutional federal structure; central power over peripher