198 research outputs found
Strategy And Planning As An Enabler For Strategy Execution In South African Municipalities
Literature confirmed that whilst progress has been made in recent years, there is still a pressing need amongst communities in South Africa for improved service delivery. There is also increasing frustration and anger at the inability of municipalities to do what is expected of them. Municipalities, in general, have a poor record in respect of execution of strategy. The research problem - “what prevents Gauteng municipalities in South Africa to successfully execute its strategies and what can be done to address the situation?”- will be answered and dealt with when the findings and conclusions relevant to each research objective are discussed. Research and literature to date focused primarily on planning and strategy formulation but neglected the very important execution process. Whilst strategy execution is a dismal failure in most organizations, to date, very little research has focused on strategy execution. Managers and their employees must apply new ways of thinking and they point out that today’s high performing organizations are able to bridge the strategy-execution gap due to the fact that their strategies translate to specific operational goals, their employees understand the context and purpose of their work, and they can readily measure how well they are performing
Development Of An Integrated Operating Framework For Strategy Execution In Gauteng Municipalities In South Africa
The establishment of a new democracy has created high expectations amongst all the different communities of South Africa. The demand for basic essential services by the previously disadvantaged communities has increased drastically, whilst at the same time, communities from developed areas are expecting and demanding an acceptable level of maintenance and services in their respective areas. Municipalities are in serious distress with regular service delivery protests, huge service delivery and infrastructure backlog challenges (e.g., electricity, roads, housing, water, and sanitation), poor financial management and the inability to execute approved strategies, plans, and programs. This article focused on the municipalities in the Gauteng Province of South Africa and the main objective was to answer the survey question: “What prevents Gauteng municipalities to successfully execute its strategies and what can be done to address the situation?” The research objectives were firstly, to review the literature and determine the key enablers required for successful strategy execution; secondly, to analyze the findings of the empirical research and to make recommendations towards the improvement of strategy execution within Gauteng municipalities. The third and final objective was to develop an integrated operating framework for strategy execution in Gauteng municipalities. The article concluded by making recommendations towards the improvement of strategy execution within municipalities and developing an integrated operating framework for strategy execution. The results of the literature review as well as the empirical research were taken into account during the development of the integrated operating framework
Loop Equation in Two-dimensional Noncommutative Yang-Mills Theory
The classical analysis of Kazakov and Kostov of the Makeenko-Migdal loop
equation in two-dimensional gauge theory leads to usual partial differential
equations with respect to the areas of windows formed by the loop. We extend
this treatment to the case of U(N) Yang-Mills defined on the noncommutative
plane. We deal with all the subtleties which arise in their two-dimensional
geometric procedure, using where needed results from the perturbative
computations of the noncommutative Wilson loop available in the literature. The
open Wilson line contribution present in the non-commutative version of the
loop equation drops out in the resulting usual differential equations. These
equations for all N have the same form as in the commutative case for N to
infinity. However, the additional supplementary input from factorization
properties allowing to solve the equations in the commutative case is no longer
valid.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, references added, small clarifications adde
Similarity Renormalization, Hamiltonian Flow Equations, and Dyson's Intermediate Representation
A general framework is presented for the renormalization of Hamiltonians via
a similarity transformation. Divergences in the similarity flow equations may
be handled with dimensional regularization in this approach, and the resulting
effective Hamiltonian is finite since states well-separated in energy are
uncoupled. Specific schemes developed several years ago by Glazek and Wilson
and contemporaneously by Wegner correspond to particular choices within this
framework, and the relative merits of such choices are discussed from this
vantage point. It is shown that a scheme for the transformation of Hamiltonians
introduced by Dyson in the early 1950's also corresponds to a particular choice
within the similarity renormalization framework, and it is argued that Dyson's
scheme is preferable to the others for ease of computation. As an example, it
is shown how a logarithmically confining potential arises simply at second
order in light-front QCD within Dyson's scheme, a result found previously for
other similarity renormalization schemes. Steps toward higher order and
nonperturbative calculations are outlined. In particular, a set of equations
analogous to Dyson-Schwinger equations is developed.Comment: REVTex, 32 pages, 7 figures (corrected references
Staggered fermions and chiral symmetry breaking in transverse lattice regulated QED
Staggered fermions are constructed for the transverse lattice regularization
scheme. The weak perturbation theory of transverse lattice non-compact QED is
developed in light-cone gauge, and we argue that for fixed lattice spacing this
theory is ultraviolet finite, order by order in perturbation theory. However,
by calculating the anomalous scaling dimension of the link fields, we find that
the interaction Hamiltonian becomes non-renormalizable for ,
where is the bare (lattice) QED coupling constant. We conjecture that
this is the critical point of the chiral symmetry breaking phase transition in
QED. Non-perturbative chiral symmetry breaking is then studied in the strong
coupling limit. The discrete remnant of chiral symmetry that remains on the
lattice is spontaneously broken, and the ground state to lowest order in the
strong coupling expansion corresponds to the classical ground state of the
two-dimensional spin one-half Heisenberg antiferromagnet.Comment: 30 pages, UFIFT-HEP-92-1
Quantum Gauge Equivalence in QED
We discuss gauge transformations in QED coupled to a charged spinor field,
and examine whether we can gauge-transform the entire formulation of the theory
from one gauge to another, so that not only the gauge and spinor fields, but
also the forms of the operator-valued Hamiltonians are transformed. The
discussion includes the covariant gauge, in which the gauge condition and
Gauss's law are not primary constraints on operator-valued quantities; it also
includes the Coulomb gauge, and the spatial axial gauge, in which the
constraints are imposed on operator-valued fields by applying the
Dirac-Bergmann procedure. We show how to transform the covariant, Coulomb and
spatial axial gauges to what we call
``common form,'' in which all particle excitation modes have identical
properties. We also show that, once that common form has been reached, QED in
different gauges has a common time-evolution operator that defines
time-translation for states that represent systems of electrons and photons.
By combining gauge transformations with changes of representation from
standard to common form, the entire apparatus of a gauge theory can be
transformed from one gauge to another.Comment: Contribution for a special issue of Foundations of Physics honoring
Fritz Rohrlich; edited by Larry P. Horwitz, Tel-Aviv University, and Alwyn
van der Merwe, University of Denver (Plenum Publishing, New York); 40 pages,
REVTEX, Preprint UCONN-93-3, 1 figure available upon request from author
Light-Front-Quantized QCD in Covariant Gauge
The light-front (LF) canonical quantization of quantum chromodynamics in
covariant gauge is discussed. The Dirac procedure is used to eliminate the
constraints in the gauge-fixed front form theory quantum action and to
construct the LF Hamiltonian formulation. The physical degrees of freedom
emerge naturally. The propagator of the dynamical part of the free
fermionic propagator in the LF quantized field theory is shown to be causal and
not to contain instantaneous terms. Since the relevant propagators in the
covariant gauge formulation are causal, rotational invariance---including the
Coulomb potential in the static limit---can be recovered, avoiding the
difficulties encountered in light-cone gauge. The Wick rotation may also be
performed allowing the conversion of momentum space integrals into Euclidean
space forms. Some explicit computations are done in quantum electrodynamics to
illustrate the equivalence of front form theory with the conventional covariant
formulation. LF quantization thus provides a consistent formulation of gauge
theory, despite the fact that the hyperplanes used to impose
boundary conditions constitute characteristic surfaces of a hyperbolic partial
differential equation.Comment: LaTex, 16 page
On the Quantization of the Chern-Simons Fields Theory on Curved Space-Times: the Coulomb Gauge Approach
We consider here the Chern-Simons field theory with gauge group SU(N) in the
presence of a gravitational background that describes a two-dimensional
expanding ``universe". Two special cases are treated here in detail: the
spatially flat {\it Robertson-Walker} space-time and the conformally static
space-times having a general closed and orientable Riemann surface as spatial
section. The propagator and the vertices are explicitely computed at the lowest
order in perturbation theory imposing the Coulomb gauge fixing.Comment: 15 pp., Preprint LMU-TPW 93-5, (Plain TeX + Harvmac
Poverty and Well-being in Post-Apartheid South Africa: An Overview of Data, Outcomes and Policy
WP 2006-03 January 2006This is an overview of poverty and well-being in the first decade of post-apartheid South Africa. It is an introduction to a volume that brings together some of the most prominent academic research done on this topic for the 10-year review process in South Africa. This overview highlights three key aspects of the picture that the detailed research paints. First, data quality and comparability has been a constant issue in arriving at a consensus among analysts on the outcomes for households and individuals in postapartheid South Africa. Second, while the outcomes on unemployment, poverty and inequality are indeed bad, the outcomes on social indicators and access to public services are much more encouraging. Third, the prospects for rapid and sustained economic growth, without which poverty and well-being cannot be addressed in the long run, are themselves negatively affected by increasing inequality, poverty and unemployment
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