Constructing gene association networks for rheumatoid arthritis using the backward genotype-trait association (BGTA) algorithm-1

Correction for 2- 1 multiple comparisons). The top GTD scores for sets of two to eight marker sets were significantly higher than the expected value under the null hypothesis (black dotted line at 1). Based on 100 permuted data sets, at different subset sizes, the black solid line displays the median maximum GTD scores and the vertical bars are the 95% confidence interval of permutations. For each permutation, we also calculated Bonferroni-corrected 95% confidence intervals for the maximum GTD scores. The blue shading indicates the coverage of these 100 confidence intervals at each subset size (the darkest being 0.9 to 1 (or 90 to 100%) and the lightest being 0.0 to 0.1 (or 0 to 10%)).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Constructing gene association networks for rheumatoid arthritis using the backward genotype-trait association (BGTA) algorithm"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1753-6561/1/S1/S13</p><p>BMC Proceedings 2007;1(Suppl 1):S13-S13.</p><p>Published online 18 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2367461.</p><p></p

Constructing gene association networks for rheumatoid arthritis using the backward genotype-trait association (BGTA) algorithm-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Constructing gene association networks for rheumatoid arthritis using the backward genotype-trait association (BGTA) algorithm"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1753-6561/1/S1/S13</p><p>BMC Proceedings 2007;1(Suppl 1):S13-S13.</p><p>Published online 18 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2367461.</p><p></p

APPLICATION OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MEDIUM-PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR RAPID ISOLATION OF LACTONES FROM <i>LIGUSTICUM CHUANXIONG</i> HORT.

<div><p>The root of <i>Ligusticum chuanxiong</i> Hort. is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine for treating headaches, ischemic stroke, anemia, and cerebral vascular disease. High-performance counter-current chromatography was applied to the isolation and purification of four lactones: 75.8 mg senkyunolide A, 3.5 mg levistolide A, 76.3 mg Z-ligustilide, and 0.8 mg wallichilide from 600 mg of the n-hexane extract of chuanxiong. Medium-pressure liquid chromatography was applied to the isolation and purification of one phthalide and two lactones: 2.9 mg chuanxingol, 11.3 mg senkyunolide A, and 20.1 mg Z-ligustilide from 800 mg of 60% ethanol extract of chuanxiong. The system composed of n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water in a volume ratio of 4:3:4:2 (<i>v/v</i>) was found to be optimum for HPCCC. The solvent system consisted of acetonitrile (A)−0.5% acetic acid (B) was used for MPLC, the binary gradient elution as follows: 0–40 min, 13%–100% A; and 40–50 min, 100% A. The target components separated by HPCCC and MPLC had higher purity determined by HPLC. The chemical structures of the target components were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).</p> </div

Facile and Reversible Electrogeneration of Porphyrin Trianions and Tetraanions in Nonaqueous Media

The first examples for the facile, reversible, and stepwise electrogeneration of triply ring-reduced porphyrin macrocycles are presented. The investigated compounds are represented as MTPP­(NO₂)­(PE)₆, MTTP­(PE)₈, NiTPP­(NO₂)­(Ph)₄, and MTPP­(CN)₄, where TTP and TPP are the dianions of tetratolylporphyrin and tetraphenylporphyrin, respectively, NO₂, phenylethynyl (PE), and CN are substituents at the β-pyrrole positions of the macrocycle, and M = Cu^II, Ni^II, Zn^II, Co^II, or 2H. Each porphyrin undergoes three or four reductions within the negative potential limit of the electrochemical solvent. The UV–visible spectra of the first three reduction products were characterized by means of thin-layer UV–vis spectroelectrochemistry, and the generation of multianionic porphyrins is interpreted in terms of extensive stabilization of the LUMOs due to the electron-withdrawing and/or extended π-conjugation of the β-substituents

Joint study of genetic regulators for expression traits related to breast cancer-0

Or a transcript were counted and plotted as black vertical lines. Association, the numbers of times that a SNP is one of the top 30 association SNPs for a transcript were counted. The SNP-by-SNP transcription hotspots pattern is noisy. To have a clear pattern, these counts were aggregated into bins of ≤5 cM by chromosomes as in Morley et al. [4]. Bins with ≥5 genetic regulators identified (= 4 × 10) were identified as eQTL hotspots (blue dotted lines are the selection thresholds).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Joint study of genetic regulators for expression traits related to breast cancer"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1753-6561/1/S1/S10</p><p>BMC Proceedings 2007;1(Suppl 1):S10-S10.</p><p>Published online 18 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2367474.</p><p></p

Homoleptic Platinum Azo-iminate Complexes via Hydrogenative Cleavage of Formazans

Homoleptic platinum azo-iminate complexes are formed when triarylformazans are treated with Pt­(DMSO)₂Cl₂ under reducing conditions. The transformation represents a three-proton, three-electron reduction of each formazan and offers a new route for accessing this class of redox-active ligands. The reaction is general for triarylformazans with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents, and four complexes in total are described. X-ray crystal structures of all four complexes are presented and are consistent with an electronic structure consisting of a formal Pt­(II) center, where each azo-iminate is in a monoanionic radical form and contributes five π electrons. The complexes are all diamagnetic, indicating delocalization of the π system over both ligands. The complexes are further characterized by cyclic voltammetry, which shows multiple ligand-centered redox events, including proton-coupled oxidation waves. UV–vis spectroelectrochemistry provides further insight into the nature of the redox events. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy shows strong visible absorption bands attributed to HOMO → LUMO transitions, which is corroborated by time-dependent DFT computations on representative examples

Homoleptic Platinum Azo-iminate Complexes via Hydrogenative Cleavage of Formazans

Homoleptic platinum azo-iminate complexes are formed when triarylformazans are treated with Pt­(DMSO)₂Cl₂ under reducing conditions. The transformation represents a three-proton, three-electron reduction of each formazan and offers a new route for accessing this class of redox-active ligands. The reaction is general for triarylformazans with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents, and four complexes in total are described. X-ray crystal structures of all four complexes are presented and are consistent with an electronic structure consisting of a formal Pt­(II) center, where each azo-iminate is in a monoanionic radical form and contributes five π electrons. The complexes are all diamagnetic, indicating delocalization of the π system over both ligands. The complexes are further characterized by cyclic voltammetry, which shows multiple ligand-centered redox events, including proton-coupled oxidation waves. UV–vis spectroelectrochemistry provides further insight into the nature of the redox events. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy shows strong visible absorption bands attributed to HOMO → LUMO transitions, which is corroborated by time-dependent DFT computations on representative examples

Homoleptic Platinum Azo-iminate Complexes via Hydrogenative Cleavage of Formazans

Homoleptic platinum azo-iminate complexes are formed when triarylformazans are treated with Pt­(DMSO)₂Cl₂ under reducing conditions. The transformation represents a three-proton, three-electron reduction of each formazan and offers a new route for accessing this class of redox-active ligands. The reaction is general for triarylformazans with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents, and four complexes in total are described. X-ray crystal structures of all four complexes are presented and are consistent with an electronic structure consisting of a formal Pt­(II) center, where each azo-iminate is in a monoanionic radical form and contributes five π electrons. The complexes are all diamagnetic, indicating delocalization of the π system over both ligands. The complexes are further characterized by cyclic voltammetry, which shows multiple ligand-centered redox events, including proton-coupled oxidation waves. UV–vis spectroelectrochemistry provides further insight into the nature of the redox events. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy shows strong visible absorption bands attributed to HOMO → LUMO transitions, which is corroborated by time-dependent DFT computations on representative examples