Susceptibilidad de Pinus nigra y Cedrus libani a aislados turcos de Gremmeniella abietina

Gremmeniella abietina causes shoot dieback and stem cankers on conifers throughout Northern hemisphere. The aim of this study was to investigate the virulence of Turkish G. abietina isolates in a field experiment. The lower branches of 15-20-year-old P. nigra and C. libani in a plantation site at 1,050 m a.s.l. in Isparta were inoculated at 1-2-month intervals during September-January. Five isolates obtained from high altitude mountainous forests were used. Each isolate was inoculated into two branches per tree and repeated ten times on both tree species at each inoculation date. The branches were sampled at the end of February, and in August, and lesion lengths in the inner bark measured. The mean lesion length on P. nigra and C libani were 10.6 ± 0.8 and 3.8 ± 0.2 mm in February and 17.6 ± 1.4 and 7.8 ± 0.8 mm in August, respectively. Differences in the mean lesion length between the isolates were small. Nevertheless, there were significant differences between the isolates on P. nigra in November and January inoculations, and on C. libani at all four inoculation times. The mean lesion lengths for all isolates at both sampling dates was the highest (p < 0.01) in December inoculations for both P. nigra (22.0 ± 1.9 February; 32.9 ± 2.9 August) and C. libani (5.6 ± 0.7; 11.3 ± 1.2). There was no difference between the September and January inoculations on P. nigra, despite the almost six-fold difference in incubation period. During the December inoculations, the trees were most likely in winter dormancy, i.e. unable to defend themselves, which would explain the large lesions.La Gremmeniella abietina causa la muerte regresiva de brotes y cancros sobre coníferas en todo el hemisferio norte. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la virulencia de aislados turcos de G. abietina en un experimento de campo. Se inocularon las ramas más bajas de P. nigra y C. libani de 15 a 20 años de edad en un sitio de plantación a 1.050 m snm en Isparta a intervalos de 1-2 meses entre septiembre y enero utilizando cinco aislamientos obtenidos de bosques de las zonas montañosas altas. Cada aislado se inoculó en dos ramas por árbol y se repitieron diez veces en las dos especies en cada fecha de inoculación. Se tomaron muestras de las ramas al final del mes de febrero, y en agosto, y se midieron la longitud de la lesión en la corteza interna. La longitud media de la lesión en P. nigra y C. libani fueron 10,6 ± 0,8 y 3,8 ± 0,2 mm en febrero y 17,6 ± 1,4 y 7,8 ± 0,8 mm en agosto, respectivamente. Las diferencias en la longitud de la lesión media entre los aislados eran pequeñas. Sin embargo, hubo diferencias significativas entre los aislamientos de P. nigra en inoculaciones de noviembre y enero, y en C. libani en los cuatro tiempos de inoculación. La longitud media de la lesión para todos los aislamientos en ambas fechas de muestreo fue la más alta (p < 0,01) en las inoculaciones de diciembre tanto para P. nigra (22,0 ± 1,9 de febrero, 32,9 ± 2,9 de agosto) como para C. libani (5,6 ± 0,7; 11,3 ± 1,2). No hubo diferencias entre las de septiembre y enero en P. nigra, a pesar de la diferencia de casi seis veces en el período de incubación. Durante las inoculaciones de diciembre, los árboles estaban probablemente en letargo invernal, es decir, incapaces de defenderse, lo que explicaría las lesiones de gran tamaño

A worldwide perspective on the management and control of Dothistroma needle blight

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) caused by Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini is a damaging disease of pine in many countries. The disease led to the abandonment of planting susceptible Pinus species in parts of Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe and North America. Although the disease can be effectively controlled using copper fungicides, this chemical is only routinely applied in forests in New Zealand and Australia. Other management tactics aimed at making conditions less favourable for disease development, such as thinning or pruning, may be effective on some, but not all, sites. Disease avoidance, by planting non-susceptible species, is the most common form of management in Europe, along with deployment of hosts with strong disease resistance. Although D. septosporum is present almost everywhere Pinus is grown, it is important that an effort is maintained to exclude introductions of new haplotypes that could increase virulence or enable host resistance to be overcome. A global strategy to exclude new introductions of Dothistroma and other damaging forest pathogens, facilitated by collaborative programmes and legislation, is needed.This study was partially supported by the EU COST Action FP1102 DIAROD (Determining Invasiveness and Risk of Dothistroma, http:// www.cost.eu/COST_Actions/fps/FP1102)http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1439-03292017-10-31hb2017Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsPlant Scienc

INCIDENCE OF ANNOSUM ROOT AND BUT ROT ON ABIES BORNMULLERIANA AND ABIES CILICICA

The present study was carried out during 2008 in order to determine the presence of Annosum root and butt rot on living Abies bornmülleriana and Abies cilicica trees in 3 different stands located in Bolu and Antalya (Akseki) provinces. Totally, 255 wood samples, taken from fresh stump surfaces of fir trees just after felling, were carried to laboratory and examined for the existence of the anamorph stage of Heterobasidion (Spiniger meineckellus (Olson) Stalpers) species. Disease incidence was 28.2% and 18.8% on the pure and mixed stands of A. bornmülleriana in Bolu, respectively, and 11.5% on the pure A. cilicica stand in Akseki. It is concluded that 78.5 % of discs cut from A. cilicicawere contaminated by airborne spores of the fungus

Incıdence of annosum root and but rot on abıes bornmullerıana and abıes cılıcıca

Bu çalışma 2008 yılında, Annosum kök ve alt gövde çürüklüğünün Abies bornmülleriana ve Abies cilicica meşcereleri üzerinde yoğunluğunu belirlemek üzere gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, Bolu ve Antalya (Akseki) illerinde, 3 meşcerede arazi sörveyleri yapılmıştır. Göknar ağaçlarından alınan disk ve disk parçalarından oluşan 255 örnek, laboratuar koşullarında Heterobasidion türlerinin eşeysiz döneminin (Spiniger meineckellus (Olson) Stalpers) varlığı açısından incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; A. bornmülleriana’ nın saf ve karışık meşcerelerinde hastalık yoğunluğu sırasıyla % 28.2 ve % 18.8, A. cilicica meşceresinde ise bu oran % 11.5 olarak bulunmuştur. Bunun yanında, A. cilicica’ dan kesilen disklerin % 78,5’inde görülen bulaşmanın havadan ulaşan sporlar aracılığı ile olduğu sonucuna varılmıştırThe present study was carried out during 2008 in order to determine the presence of Annosum root and butt rot on living Abies bornmülleriana and Abies cilicica trees in 3 different stands located in Bolu and Antalya (Akseki) provinces. Totally, 255 wood samples, taken from fresh stump surfaces of fir trees just after felling, were carried to laboratory and examined for the existence of the anamorph stage of Heterobasidion (Spiniger meineckellus (Olson) Stalpers) species. Disease incidence was 28.2% and 18.8% on the pure and mixed stands of A. bornmülleriana in Bolu, respectively, and 11.5% on the pure A. cilicica stand in Akseki. It is concluded that 78.5 % of discs cut from A. cilicica were contaminated by airborne spores of the fungus

Description and prevalence of a putative novel mycovirus within the conifer pathogen Gremmeniella abietina

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