212 research outputs found
Market Based Approaches for Dynamic Spectrum Assignment
Abstract—Much of the technical literature on spectrum sharing has been on developing technologies and systems for non-cooperative) opportunistic use. In this paper, we situate this approach to secondary spectrum use in a broader context, one that includes cooperative approaches to Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA). In this paper, we introduce readers to this broader approach to DSA by contrasting it with non-cooperative sharing (opportunistic use), surveying relevant literature, and suggesting future directions for researc
The State of Network Neutrality Regulation
The Network Neutrality (NN) debate refers to the battle over the design of a regulatory framework for preserving the Internet as a public network and open innovation platform. Fueled by concerns that broadband access service providers might abuse network management to discriminate against third party providers (e.g., content or application providers), policymakers have struggled with designing rules that would protect the Internet from unreasonable network management practices. In this article, we provide an overview of the history of the debate in the U.S. and the EU and highlight the challenges that will confront network engineers designing and operating networks as the debate continues to evolve.BMBF, 16DII111, Verbundprojekt: Weizenbaum-Institut fĂĽr die vernetzte Gesellschaft - Das Deutsche Internet-Institut; Teilvorhaben: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin fĂĽr Sozialforschung (WZB)EC/H2020/679158/EU/Resolving the Tussle in the Internet: Mapping, Architecture, and Policy Making/ResolutioNe
Vertical Integration and Internet Industry Structure: An Application of the Pricing Taxonomy
This paper utilizes the Internet Pricing Interface Taxonomy to examine
incentives of service providers at various stages in the service provider value chain to
vertically integrate. The focus is on residential, dial-up subscribers to simplify the
analysis. The goal of the paper is to address the following sorts of questions:
-- What are the incentives of firms at various stages in the value chain to
vertically integrate?
-- What does this imply for Internet industry structure today and in the future?
-- Is the market for a commodity IP bearer service sustainable?
The paper is organized into the following sections. Section I provides a review of
the Internet Pricing Interface Taxonomy
Usage costs, interconnection, and regulation: remarks from Bill Lehr
William Lehr, Research Associate in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) at the MIT provides a summary of points made during his participation in the Interconnection Workshop hosted by the LSE Network Economy Forum on 11 January 2013. The remarks review preliminary conclusions from earlier joint work with MIT colleagues David Clark and Steve Bauer [1]
Enforcement in Dynamic Spectrum Access Systems
The spectrum access rights granted by the Federal government to spectrum users come with the expectation of protection from harmful interference. As a consequence of the growth of wireless demand and services of all types, technical progress enabling smart agile radio networks, and on-going spectrum management reform, there is both a need and opportunity to use and share spectrum more intensively and dynamically. A key element of any framework for managing harmful interference is the mechanism for enforcement of those rights. Since the rights to use spectrum and to protection from harmful interference vary by band (licensed/unlicensed, legacy/newly reformed) and type of use/users (primary/secondary, overlay/underlay), it is reasonable to expect that the enforcement mechanisms may need to vary as well.\ud
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In this paper, we present a taxonomy for evaluating alternative mechanisms for enforcing interference protection for spectrum usage rights, with special attention to the potential changes that may be expected from wider deployment of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) systems. Our exploration of how the design of the enforcement regime interacts with and influences the incentives of radio operators under different rights regimes and market scenarios is intended to assist in refining thinking about appropriate access rights regimes and how best to incentivize investment and growth in more efficient and valuable uses of the radio frequency spectrum
Show Me the Money: Contracts and Agents in the Service Level Agreement Markets
Delivering real-time services (Internet telephony, video conferencing, and
streaming media as well as business-critical data applications) across the Internet requires
end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantees, which requires a hierarchy of contracts.
These standardized contracts may be referred to as Service Level Agreements (SLAs).
SLAs provide a mechanism for service providers and customers to flexibly specify the
service to be delivered. The emergence of bandwidth and service agents, traders, brokers,
exchanges and contracts can provide an institutional and business framework to support
effective competition.
This article identifies issues that must be addressed by SLAs for consumer
applications. We introduce a simple taxonomy for classifying SLAs based on the identity
of the contracting parties. We conclude by discussing implications for public policy,
Internet architecture, and competition
A Broadband Access Market Framework: Towards Consumer Service Level Agreements
Ubiquitous broadband access is considered by many to be necessary for the
Internet to realize its full potential. But there is no generally accepted definition of
what constitutes broadband access. Furthermore, there is only limited
understanding of how the quality of end-to-end broadband Internet services
might be assured in today?s nascent multi-service, multi-provider environment.
The absence of generally accepted and standardized service definitions and
mechanisms for assuring service quality is a significant barrier to competitive
broadband access markets.
In the business data services market and in the core of the Internet, this
problem has been addressed, in part, by increased reliance on Service Level
Agreements (SLAs). These SLAs provide a mechanism for service providers and
customers to flexibly specify the quality of service (QoS) that will be delivered.
When used in conjunction with the new standards-based technical solutions for
implementing QoS, these SLAs are helping to facilitate the development of robust
wholesale markets for backbone transport services and content delivery services
for commercial customers. The emergence of bandwidth traders, brokers, and
exchanges provide an institutional and market-based framework to support
effective competition
Examining Pre-Service Teacher Candidates’ Sources and Levels of Knowledge about Autism Spectrum Disorders
This study was designed to identify what pre-service teacher candidates knew about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and how they had acquired that knowledge in order to design more effective preparation courses. Teacher candidates (N=87) from three teacher preparation programs completed questionnaires during, or prior to, their first special education course. The findings indicate a relationship between sources of knowledge about ASD and actual levels of knowledge. Based on the findings, the authors argue that there is a need for coursework that focuses on effective intervention strategies and utilizes direct opportunities for teacher candidates to work with students with ASD
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