3,774 research outputs found
The Kindred Bonds of Mentally Ill Homeless Persons
While the unraveling of the kinship bond has long been suspected to play a role in the epidemiology of homelessness, the connection between kinship and homelessness has been little studied. Based on a normative analysis of the role of family structure in response to adversity, this article explores the impact of the amount and quality of kinship ties on episodes of homelessness experienced by discharged psychiatric patients in Ohio. Survey data derived from personal interviews with both former patients and their kin indicate more strain in relations with kin of the homeless than the nonhomeless. The strain in the kinship bond appears to emanate from a greater prevalence of chronic disabilities that undermine independent functioning and tax the resources of relatives who choose to remain involved. Consistent with this interpretation, patients with histories of homelessness reported more psychiatric symptoms, more deficits in daily living skills, and more contact with the criminal justice system. In general, patient variables were better able than family variables to differentiate the homeless from the nonhomeless. Nonetheless, the formulation of public policies for reducing the incidence and prevalence of homelessness will surely need to take account of the kinship bond and how it can be strengthened
Transport properties of anyons in random topological environments
The quasi one-dimensional transport of Abelian and non-Abelian anyons is
studied in the presence of a random topological background. In particular, we
consider the quantum walk of an anyon that braids around islands of randomly
filled static anyons of the same type. Two distinct behaviours are identified.
We analytically demonstrate that all types of Abelian anyons localise purely
due to the statistical phases induced by their random anyonic environment. In
contrast, we numerically show that non-Abelian Ising anyons do not localise.
This is due to their entanglement with the anyonic environment that effectively
induces dephasing. Our study demonstrates that localisation properties strongly
depend on non-local topological interactions and it provides a clear
distinction in the transport properties of Abelian and non-Abelian statistics.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
On Hilberg's Law and Its Links with Guiraud's Law
Hilberg (1990) supposed that finite-order excess entropy of a random human
text is proportional to the square root of the text length. Assuming that
Hilberg's hypothesis is true, we derive Guiraud's law, which states that the
number of word types in a text is greater than proportional to the square root
of the text length. Our derivation is based on some mathematical conjecture in
coding theory and on several experiments suggesting that words can be defined
approximately as the nonterminals of the shortest context-free grammar for the
text. Such operational definition of words can be applied even to texts
deprived of spaces, which do not allow for Mandelbrot's ``intermittent
silence'' explanation of Zipf's and Guiraud's laws. In contrast to
Mandelbrot's, our model assumes some probabilistic long-memory effects in human
narration and might be capable of explaining Menzerath's law.Comment: To appear in Journal of Quantitative Linguistic
Translational NLP: a new paradigm and general principles for natural language processing research
Natural language processing (NLP) research combines the study of universal principles, through basic science, with applied science targeting specific use cases and settings. However, the process of exchange between basic NLP and applications is often assumed to emerge naturally, resulting in many innovations going unapplied and many important questions left unstudied. We describe a new paradigm of Translational NLP, which aims to structure and facilitate the processes by which basic and applied NLP research inform one another. Translational NLP thus presents a third research paradigm, focused on understanding the challenges posed by application needs and how these challenges can drive innovation in basic science and technology design. We show that many significant advances in NLP research have emerged from the intersection of basic principles with application needs, and present a conceptual framework outlining the stakeholders and key questions in translational research. Our framework provides a roadmap for developing Translational NLP as a dedicated research area, and identifies general translational principles to facilitate exchange between basic and applied research
Antiretroviral Strategies to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Striking a Balance between Efficacy, Feasibility, and Resistance
Dara Lehman and colleagues discuss a randomized trial that found that adding up to a week of twice-daily zidovudine+lamivudine to single-dose nevirapine reduces the risk of resistance in mothers and infants
Simulation of Main Memory Database Recovery
In a main memory database (MMDB), the primary copy of the database may reside permanently in a volatile memory. When a system failure occurs, the database must be reloaded efficiently from archive memory into main memory. This paper presents four different reload schemes and the simulation models constructed to compare the algorithms. Simulation results indicate that the reload scheme based on freguency of data access gives the best overall performance in terms of transaction response time and system throughput.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline
Identifying runoff sources across scales in Amazon watersheds: an LBA synthesis effort.
Abstract ID: 54
- âŚ