Compétence juridictionnelle & transport multimodal : perspectives en matière de développement durable.

International audienceThe promotion of multimodal transport by European Authorities is based on several considerations, amongst which its positive influence on sustainable developement. From the point of view of private law, it is questionable whether EU law could be an incentive for promote modal shift. This issue will be adressed from the angle of litigation as the way litigations are settled can be considered as one of the criteria of sustainability. Considering the current jurisdiction and arbitration rules applicable to multimodal transport, it must be noted that no enforceable international convention specifically governs this type of transport. Identifying the applicable regime to litigations raised by multimodal transport is quite a challenging assignment as it is determined by a great variety of sources. The analysis of the rules governing this type of litigations prove that they are not an incentive for the development of multimodalism. Imagining a better way to settle multimodal litigations in Europe thus appears relevant

Aizier – Chapelle Saint-Thomas

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : 1405 Date de l'opération : 1999 - 2000 (FP) ; 1998 (SD) Présentation du site Le site d'Aizier est localisé en lisière de la forêt de Brotonne, sur la rive gauche de la Seine correspondant à la frange septentrionale du plateau Roumois. La première mention de la chapelle remonte à 1227, cependant ses caractéristiques architecturales et sa dédicace à saint Thomas-Becket permettent de proposer de la dater de la fin du XIIe s. au plus tôt. Les mentions co..

Resistance to natural and synthetic gene drive systems

Scientists are rapidly developing synthetic gene drive elements intended for release into natural populations. These are intended to control or eradicate disease vectors and pests, or to spread useful traits through wild populations for disease control or conservation purposes. However, a crucial problem for gene drives is the evolution of resistance against them, preventing their spread. Understanding the mechanisms by which populations might evolve resistance is essential for engineering effective gene drive systems. This review summarizes our current knowledge of drive resistance in both natural and synthetic gene drives. We explore how insights from naturally occurring and synthetic drive systems can be integrated to improve the design of gene drives, better predict the outcome of releases and understand genomic conflict in general

Biology and dynamics of potential malaria vectors in Southern France

BACKGROUND: Malaria is a former endemic problem in the Camargue, South East France, an area from where very few recent data concerning Anopheles are available. A study was undertaken in 2005 to establish potential malaria vector biology and dynamics and evaluate the risk of malaria re-emergence. METHODS: Mosquitoes were collected in two study areas, from March to October 2005, one week every two weeks, using light traps+CO(2), horse bait traps, human bait catch, and by collecting females in resting sites. RESULTS: Anopheles hyrcanus was the most abundant Anopheles species. Anopheles melanoon was less abundant, and Anopheles atroparvus and Anopheles algeriensis were rare. Anopheles hyrcanus and An. melanoon were present in summer, whereas An. atroparvus was present in autumn and winter. A large number of An. hyrcanus females was collected on humans, whereas almost exclusively animals attracted An. melanoon. Based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, almost 90% of An. melanoon blood meals analysed had been taken on horse or bovine. Anopheles hyrcanus and An. melanoon parity rates showed huge variations according to the date and the trapping method. CONCLUSION: Anopheles hyrcanus seems to be the only Culicidae likely to play a role in malaria transmission in the Camargue, as it is abundant and anthropophilic

Opposabilité d’une clause attributive de juridiction insérée dans un connaissement maritime . Note sous Com. 23 septembre 2014 (N° 13-19108 et 13-21934)

International audienc

L’application par le juge judiciaire du droit international relatif au transport : L’exemple des contrats de transport

International audienceCet ouvrage apporte des perspectives inédites sur les transports habituellement abordés sous l’angle exclusif du droit interne ou du droit européen. Elargissant résolument le champ habituel du « droit des transports », l’objet « transports » y donne lieu, à la lumière de plusieurs grands chapitres du droit international public, à des recherches et analyses originales. S’y croisent ainsi d’une part des regards transversaux sur plusieurs modes de transport et d’autre part des éclairages plus spécifiques portant sur un mode en particulier ou un régime lié aux aspects internationaux des transports. Y sont étudiés des questions transversales de droit international général, la difficile articulation entre les transports et la protection de l’environnement, les obstacles à une véritable intégration économique des transports au niveau international, ou encore les spécificités de la mise en œuvre du droit international public dans le domaine des transports. A côté d’analyses plus transversales, on y trouve ainsi de riches enseignements sur la coopération ferroviaire internationale, les problèmes soulevés par l’intégration économique internationale de l’aviation civile internationale ou encore sur le système international mis en place pour réparer les dommages causés par la pollution par les hydrocarbures.Le chapitre envisage les questions que se pose un juriste privatiste étudiant les conventions internationales relatives au contrat de transport « au prisme du droit international public », en particulier les conditions d’applicabilité mais aussi d’application de ces conventions, ainsi que leur interprétation

Loi applicable au contrat de commission de transport

International audienc

CREATING A CMR INTERPRETATIVE COMMITTEE: THE CMR ADVISORY COUNCIL

International audienceUniform conventions are numerous in the field of transport law. Their main purpose is to promote the harmonization of transport law worldwide. But such an objective comes up against the divergent applications of uniform law conventions by domestic Courts. As such, the several discrepancies in the application of the CMR (International Convention on Carriage of Goods by Road of 1956) are revealing of the limits of uniformization. To try to improve the uniform application of this Convention, widely applied in Europe, a group of academics and lawyers are currently setting up an interpretative committee, based upon the model of the CISG Advisory Council created for the Vienna Convention on International Sales of Goods. The purpose of this paper is to present the setting up of the CMR Advisory Council and its objectives

Compétence juridictionnelle & transport multimodal : perspectives en matière de développement durable.

International audienceThe promotion of multimodal transport by European Authorities is based on several considerations, amongst which its positive influence on sustainable developement. From the point of view of private law, it is questionable whether EU law could be an incentive for promote modal shift. This issue will be adressed from the angle of litigation as the way litigations are settled can be considered as one of the criteria of sustainability. Considering the current jurisdiction and arbitration rules applicable to multimodal transport, it must be noted that no enforceable international convention specifically governs this type of transport. Identifying the applicable regime to litigations raised by multimodal transport is quite a challenging assignment as it is determined by a great variety of sources. The analysis of the rules governing this type of litigations prove that they are not an incentive for the development of multimodalism. Imagining a better way to settle multimodal litigations in Europe thus appears relevant

Improving International Uniform Transport Law by Creating Interpretative Committees

International audienceThe organisation and design of maritime regulation is a critical question for the many trade oriented economies. The Research Handbook on Maritime Law and Regulation addresses the key concepts and issues facing the regulation of maritime affairs, questioning the legal structures through an analysis of current legal and regulatory frameworks.These unique contributions interrogate the current system of maritime law and regulation, challenging its traditional perceptions as being either convention law based or national law oriented. The contributors cover a range of crucial demands for maritime law and regulation, from shipping contracts to maritime conventions and linkages, embracing an integrated approach to maritime law. Emphasising the link between theory, practice and policy, this Research Handbook focuses on real world developments and their impact on law and regulation.Comprehensive and enlightening, this Research Handbook is vital reading for researchers and students of maritime law and regulation, providing fascinating insight into the minutiae of its structure and design. Policy makers working in the maritime industry will benefit from the broad and integrated approach to legal frameworks. Legal practitioners, scholars and judicial figures will also enjoy this Research Handbook’s comprehensive engagement with contemporary legal developments in maritime law. The Chapter adresses the issue of interpretation of transport conventions. As regards the purpose of international private law conventions (i.e., to apply the same rule in different countries), divergent interpretations or applications of a convention can be regarded as deviations from that convention’s main purpose, and even an infringement of it. The chapter discusses the main causes of divergent interpretations and explores remedies that could help make interpretation more uniform