Anabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase of Escherichia coli and catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase of Pseudomonas putida. Steady-state kinetic analysis

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Andrographolide, A Natural Antioxidant: An Update

Traditionally, Andrographis paniculata has been used as an herbal remedy for lung infection treatments. Its leaves contain a diterpenoid labdane called andrographolide responsible for a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. This manuscript is a brief review of the antioxidant mechanisms and the regulation of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) signaling pathway by andrographolide

Andrographis paniculata and Its Bioactive Diterpenoids Protect Dermal Fibroblasts against Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) has long been used in ayurvedic medicine through its anti-inflammatory properties. However, its protective effect of skin aging has not been studied in vitro. This study aimed to investigate the anti-aging effects of methanolic extract (ME), andrographolide (ANDRO), neoandrographolide (NEO), 14-deoxyandrographolide (14DAP) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (14DAP11-12) on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) under pro-oxidant or pro-inflammatory condition. The in vitro anti-aging capacity of ME, ANDRO, NEO, 14DAP, and 14DAP11-12 (1, 2.5 and 5 µg/mL) was performed in HDFa. Oxidative stress and inflammation were induced by hydrogen peroxide and lipopolysaccharide/TNF-α, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by the fluorescence of DCF-DA probe and cytokines were quantified by ELISA (IL6 and IL8) or RTqPCR (TNF-α). Procollagen type I production was determined by an ELISA. Our results showed a decrease in ROS production with ME and 14DAP at 5 µg/mL and 1 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, IL-6 production and TNF-α expression decreased under ANDRO and ME at 5 µg/mL. Our data indicated that ME and 14DAP protect from oxidative stress. Additionally, ME and ANDRO decreased an inflammation marker, IL-6. This suggests their potential natural treatment against skin damage. Hence, their applications could be of interest in cosmetics for preventing skin ageing

ROS implication in a new antitumor strategy based on non-thermal plasma

International audienceNon-thermal plasma (NTP) is generated by ionizing neutral gas molecules/atoms leading to a highly reactive gas at ambient temperature containing excited molecules, reactive species and generating transient electric fields. Given its potential to interact with tissue or cells without a significant temperature increase, NTP appears as a promising approach for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. The aim of our study was to evaluate the interest of NTP both in vitro and in vivo. To this end, we evaluated the antitumor activity of NTP in vitro on two human cancer cell lines (glioblastoma U87MG and colorectal carcinoma HCT-116). Our data showed that NTP generated a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the formation of DNA damages. This resulted in a multiphase cell cycle arrest and a subsequent apoptosis induction. In addition, in vivo experiments on U87MG bearing mice showed that NTP induced a reduction of bioluminescence and tumor volume as compared to nontreated mice. An induction of apoptosis was also observed together with an accumulation of cells in S phase of the cell cycle suggesting an arrest of tumor proliferation. In conclusion, we demonstrated here that the potential of NTP to generate ROS renders this strategy particularly promising in the context of tumor treatment

Aerosoltherapy for lung tumors using the monoclonal antibody cetuximab

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Focal cooling: An alternative treatment for drug‐resistant epilepsy in a mesial temporal lobe epilepsy primate model—A preliminary study

International audienceObjectiveFocal cooling is emerging as a relevant therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, we lack data on its effectiveness in controlling seizures that originate in deep-seated areas like the hippocampus. We present a thermoelectric solution for focal brain cooling that specifically targets these brain structures.MethodsA prototype implantable device was developed, including temperature sensors and a cannula for penicillin injection to create an epileptogenic zone (EZ) near the cooling tip in a non-human primate model of epilepsy. The mesial temporal lobe was targeted with repeated penicillin injections into the hippocampus. Signals were recorded from an sEEG (Stereoelectroencephalography) lead placed 2 mm from the EZ. Once the number of seizures had stabilized, focal cooling was applied, and temperature and electroclinical events were monitored using a customized detection algorithm. Tests were performed on two Macaca fascicularis monkeys at three temperatures.ResultsHippocampal seizures were observed 40–120 min post-injection, their duration and frequency stabilized at around 120 min. Compared to the control condition, a reduction in the number of hippocampal seizures was observed with cooling to 21°C (Control: 4.34 seizures, SD 1.704 per 20 min vs Cooling to 21°C: 1.38 seizures, SD 1.004 per 20 min). The effect was more pronounced with cooling to 17°C, resulting in an almost 80% reduction in seizure frequency. Seizure duration and number of interictal discharges were unchanged following focal cooling. After several months of repeated penicillin injections, hippocampal sclerosis was observed, similar to that recorded in humans. In addition, seizures were identified by detecting temperature variations of 0.3°C in the EZ correlated with the start of the seizures.SignificanceIn epilepsy therapy, the ultimate aim is total seizure control with minimal side effects. Focal cooling of the EZ could offer an alternative to surgery and to existing neuromodulation devices

Collections mixtes

À partir de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, la démocratisation et la spécialisation croissante des musées ont signé la fin des cabinets de curiosité. Conjointement au développement des institutions muséales, les sciences naturelles puis les sciences sociales se sont disciplinarisées et professionnalisées. L’influence des premières sur les secondes est bien connue : le modèle naturaliste fournit en effet plusieurs paradigmes ou notions (collecte, inventaire, typologie, nomenclature) aux chercheurs en sciences sociales. L’existence de collections mixtes, regroupant à la fois des objets de la nature et des artefacts, a moins retenu l’attention. Ce dossier propose donc d’interroger les pratiques de collecte, de collection et de mise en exposition à la rencontre entre le domaine des sciences naturelles et celui des sciences sociales (archéologie, ethnologie, histoire, histoire de l’art). En focalisant sur les espaces de connexion entre collections naturalistes et collections ethnographiques, archéologiques ou artistiques, il s’agit de décrire les brouillages ontologiques, les emprunts méthodologiques et les conséquences épistémologiques de ces collectes et collections mixtes. Poser la question des pratiques plutôt que celle des modèles permet d’analyser les affinités ou les interférences à l’œuvre sur le terrain des collectes, dans le fonctionnement des musées et dans l’intimité des collections privées. Ce dossier propose une perspective interdisciplinaire sur les collectes et collections mixtes, en privilégiant les approches historiques et anthropologiques