Attosecond science and technology

Laser pulse durations fell continuously from the early days of the laser until 1986, reaching 6 fs, just 3 periods of nm light. The underlying reason for this advance was the demands of science for ever-faster measurements. Each advance in lasers opened new phenomena for measurement. Each new measurement pointed out the importance of developing better ultrafast sources.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Calibration of the beam polarimeter at the JINR synchrophasotron

The results of calibration of the polarimeter for the measurement of the vector component of the polarization of the deuteron beam at the JINR Synchrophasotron are presented. The data of the analyzing power of the elastic pp scattering at an angle of 14 deg (lab. syst.) in the range of proton momenta from 1.18 to 3.46 GeV/c and on the effective analyzing power of the proton scattering on polyethylene target at proton momenta between 1.48 and 2.79 GeV/c are given. The data obtained were used to measure the deuteron beam polarization during experiment on the measurement of the total cross section difference DELTA sigma sub L in np transmissio

European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on management of paraproteinemic demyelinating neuropathies. Report of a Joint Task Force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society - first revision

The aim of this guideline is to update the 2006 EFNS/PNS guideline on management of patients with a demyelinating neuropathy and a paraprotein (paraproteinemic demyelinating neuropathy [PDN]) by review of evidence and expert consensus. In the absence of adequate evidence, the panel agreed on good practice points: (1) patients with PDN should be investigated for a malignant plasma cell dyscrasia; (2) a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is more likely to be causing the neuropathy if it is immunoglobulin (Ig)M, anti-neural antibodies are present, and the clinical phenotype is chronic distal sensory neuropathy; (3) patients with IgM PDN usually have predominantly distal sensory impairment, prolonged distal motor latencies, and often anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies; (4) IgM PDN may respond to immunomodulatory therapies. Their potential benefit should be balanced against possible side effects and the usually slow disease progression; (5) IgG and IgA PDN may be indistinguishable from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; and (6) Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal gammopathy, and Skin changes syndrome is a multi-system malignant PDN