The mantle of shotcrete as a method of intervention of masonry structures

Summarization: The mantle of shotcrete (gunite) which is applied to one or both sides of masonry walls reinforces the masonry and influences the dynamic behaviour of the masonry as it changes the mass of the structure and increases the out-of-plane and the in-plane stiffness of the masonry walls. The research of this composite material's behaviour to both static and dynamic loading cases, is the subject of this work. Linear elastic mechanical behaviour of both masonry and gunite is considered throughout this paper. The finite element method is used. First the static and dynamic response based on the resΠαρουσιάστηκε στο: WIT Transactions on the Built Environmen

Variation in the Site of Lithiation of 2-(2-Methylphenyl)ethanamine Derivatives

Unexpectedly, lithiation of N'-(2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl)-N,N-dimethylurea with three equivalents of n butyllithium in anhydrous THF at 0 C takes place on the nitrogen and on the CH2 next to the 2-methylphenyl ring (α-lithiation). The lithium reagent thus obtained reacts with various electrophiles to give the corresponding substituted derivatives in excellent yields. Similarly, lithiation of N-(2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl)pivalamide under similar reaction conditions followed by reaction with benzophenone as a representative electrophile gave the corresponding α-substituted product in high yield. Surprisingly, no products resulting from lateral lithiation were observed under the conditions tried, which sharply contrasts with the reported results for lateral lithiation of tert-butyl (2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl)carbamate