The Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Vascular and Cognitive Function

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Acute Effects of High-Intensity Exercise on Peripheral Conduit Artery Blood Flow

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Resistance Exercise, Carotid Artery Stiffness, and Cerebral Blood Flow Pulsatility

Lefferts, W., Augustine, J., Heffernan, K., Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY Cross-sectional studies have identified arterial stiffness as an important correlate of cerebral blood flow (CBF) pulsatility, an important predictor of cerebrovascular damage. Central artery stiffness increases acutely following a bout of resistance exercise (RE). It has yet to be elucidated whether RE-induced increases in arterial stiffness affect CBF pulsatility. Purpose: To investigate the effects of acute RE on carotid artery stiffness and CBF pulsatility. Methods: 18 healthy men (age 22 ± 1 yr; BMI 23.7 ± 0.5 kg∙m-2) underwent a) acute RE (5 sets, 5-RM bench press, 5 sets 10-RM bicep curls with 90 s rest intervals), and b) a time control condition (seated rest) in a randomized order. CBF pulsatility index (PI) was measured with transcranial Doppler at the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Common carotid artery (CCA) beta stiffness (β) and blood flow velocity PI were assessed using Doppler ultrasound. CCA pulse pressure was measured using applanation tonometry. Wave intensity analysis (WIA) was used to derive measures of forward (W1) and backward (Negative Area (NA)) travelling pressure waves to gain insight into origins of CBF pulsatility. Results: CCA β, and pulse pressure significantly increased post-RE (p \u3c 0.05). There was a significant increase in post-RE forward wave pressure (W1, p \u3c 0.05) with no changes in measures of backward/reflected wave pressure (lnNA, p \u3e 0.05). There were no changes in CCA PI or MCA PI following acute RE (p \u3e 0.05). Conclusions: Acute RE increases CCA stiffness and pressure pulsatility without affecting CCA or MCA flow pulsatility. Increases in pressure pulsatility are due to increases in forward wave pressure and not pressure from wave reflections

Effects of Acute Nitrate Intake on Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Vascular Endothelial Function in Hypoxia

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Central Vascular Reactivity to Mental Stress in Emergency Responders

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NO adsorption and thermal behavior on Pd surfaces. A detailed comparative study

The adsorption and thermal behavior of NO on `flat¿ Pd(111) and `stepped¿ Pd(112) surfaces has been investigated by temperature programmed desorption (TPD), high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and electron stimulated desorption ion angular distribution (ESDIAD) techniques. NO is shown to molecularly adsorb on both Pd(111) and Pd(112) in the temperature range 100¿373 K. NO thermally desorbs predominantly molecularly from Pd(111) near 500 K with an activation energy and pre-exponential factor of desorption which strongly depend on the initial NO surface coverage. In contrast, NO decomposes substantially on Pd(112) upon heating, with relatively large amounts of N2 and N2O desorbing near 500 K, in addition to NO. The fractional amount of NO dissociation on Pd(112) during heating is observed to be a strong function of the initial NO surface coverage. HREELS results indicate that the thermal dissociation of NO on both Pd(111) and Pd(112) occurs upon annealing to 490 K, forming surface-bound O on both surfaces. Evidence for the formation of sub-surface O via NO thermal dissociation is found only on Pd(112), and is verified by dissociative O2 adsorption experiments. Both surface-bound O and sub-surface O dissolve into the Pd bulk upon annealing of both surfaces to 550 K. HREELS and ESDIAD data consistently indicate that NO preferentially adsorbs on the (111) terrace sites of Pd(112) at low coverages, filling the (001) step sites only at high coverage. This result was verified for adsorption temperatures in the range 100¿373 K. In addition, the thermal dissociation of NO on Pd(112) is most prevalent at low coverages, where only terrace sites are occupied by NO. Thus, by direct comparison to NO/Pd(111), this study shows that the presence of steps on the Pd(112) surface enhances the thermal dissociation of NO, but that adsorption at the step sites is not the criterion for this decomposition

Racial Differences in Heart Rate, Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and Physical Activity in Children

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Relation between Exercise Central Hemodynamic Load and Resting Cardiac Structure and Function in Young Men

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Physical Activity Mediates the Relationship Between Sleep and Vascular Health in Older Adults

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Manipulation of Retrograde Shear in the Superficial Femoral Artery in Recreationally Active and Exercise-Trained Men

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