Effects of various surcharge loading conditions on the stability of soil slopes

The stability of soil slopes is a theme which has great significance within the field of civil engineering, this paper will focus on the analysis of soil slopes under varying surcharge loads. There are two main methods used in the analysis of soil slopes the first is the most commonly used method, the limit equilibrium method (LEM) and the second is a finite element method (FEM) which is becoming more commonly used due to three-dimensional analysis aspect. It is suggested by [1] that the factor of safety is greater for three-dimensional analysis compared to that of two-dimensional analysis. As the accuracy of software packages continues to improve (FEM) will be more commonly used by civil engineers. In this study both analysis methods are used to analyse the effects on various surcharge loading conditions on the stability of soil slopes. By using two different approaches to the analysis of different surcharge conditions, two sets of data are produced both of which can be compared to validate the work. As this topic is widely studied previous papers with a similar research question where used as reference to compare results [2, 3]. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of understanding the effects of surcharge loading, it can be seen from previous studies that the focus is generally based on other factors such as the cohesion of the soil, the slope angle, the friction angle and the soil parameters. Whilst they are all individually important, the surcharge loading conditions are often neglected never investing the effects different loads would have on the stability of the soil slope. This shows a gap in the current field of study which this paper will investigate

Skating on the Border: Hockey, Class, and Commercialism in Interwar Britain

This article considers the development of hockey in Britain from its emergence in the mid-nineteenth century to the commercial heyday of the 1930s. At the same time the article discusses the separation of Canada from existing scholarship on the “ludic” British Empire and the perception that North American sports were peripheral to British popular culture. The article posits a reconsideration of Canada’s place in that empire drawing on borderlands theory to demonstrate not only that Britons enthusiastically adopted hockey to their own interests but also that sport formed a clear part of an emerging, common culture in the North Atlantic.Voici un article qui traite de l’évolution du hockey en Grande-Bretagne depuis son apparition au milieu du XIXe siècle jusqu’aux beaux jours de son exploitation commerciale dans les années 1930. L’auteur se penche également sur le fait que le Canada soit mis à part dans les travaux savants existants sur l’Empire britannique « ludique » et sur l’impression que les sports nord-américains n’avaient qu’une importance mineure dans la culture populaire britannique. Il pose comme postulat qu’il faut réexaminer la place du Canada dans cet empire en s’appuyant sur la théorie des régions limitrophes pour montrer que les Britanniques ont adopté le hockey et l’ont inclus dans leurs propres intérêts et, en outre, que ce sport a manifestement fait partie d’une culture commune dans l’Atlantique Nord

Technical Appendix: Economic Impact of the Commercial Fisheries on Local County Economies from Catch in California National Marine Sanctuaries 2010, 2011 and 2012. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series ONMS-13-07

This report documents the data and methods of estimation used in estimating the economic impact of commercial fishing catch from all four National Marine Sanctuaries in California on local county economies in terms of harvest revenue received by fishermen and the associated economic impacts, including multiplier impacts, on total output, value added, income and the number of full- and part-time jobs

Physical Therapy Management of a Patient with Hypermobile type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome for Treatment of Cervicogenic Headaches: A Case Report

The purpose of this case report was to demonstrate the management of a patient diagnosed with hEDS for treatment of Cervicogenic headaches with the use of the CCFT protocol.https://soar.usa.edu/flsaspring2018/1008/thumbnail.jp

Economic Impact of the Commercial Fisheries on Local County Economies from Catch in All California National Marine Sanctuaries 2010, 2011 and 2012

This report estimates the economic impact of commercial fishing within all California National Marine Sanctuaries (CA NMS) according to the California Ocean Fish Harvester Economic Model (COFHE). The methodology applies county multipliers to estimates of harvest revenue from CA NMS in order to calculate output, income, value added and employment. This report also describes a profile of the commercial fish industry in the CA NMS. CA NMS includes all existing National Marine Sanctuary sites in California: Channel Islands (CINMS), Monterey Bay (MBNMS), Cordell Bank (CBNMS) and Gulf of the Farallones (GFNMS). The three-year average for 2010 to 2012 finds that landings of commercial fish catch from CA NMS generated over $69.2 million in harvest revenue, almost$114 million in output, $76.9 million in value added,$69.8 million in total income and 1,841 full- and part-time jobs across 15 counties. Consequently, almost one third of all CA commercial fish catch comes from CA NMS. During the study period harvest revenue demonstrated a consistent decline from almost $75.7 million in 2010 to almost$64.9 million in 2012. In 2012 the top five species/species groups caught in CA NMS were Dungeness crab, Squid, Salmon, Urchin and Groundfish. These top five species/species groups accounted for almost 86% of all CA NMS landings in 2012. In 2012 the top four ports where catch from the CA NMS was landed were Princeton-Half Moon, San Francisco, Moss Landing and Santa Barbara Harbor. Dependency on the sanctuaries for total port landings varied, ranging from a high of over 96% at Princeton Half-Moon to a low of almost 60% at San Francisco. In addition, the largest numbers of vessels in CA NMS were out of the San Francisco, Monterey and Santa Barbara Harbor port complexes

Technical Appendix: Economic Impact of Commercial Fisheries on Local County Economies from Catch in California National Marine Sanctuaries 2010, 2011 and 2012

This report documents the data and methods of estimation used in estimating the economic impact of commercial fishing catch from all four National Marine Sanctuaries in California on local county economies in terms of harvest revenue received by fishermen and the associated economic impacts, including multiplier impacts, on total output, value added, income and the number of full- and part-time jobs. This report is part of a series of reports meeting the priorities in the “Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) West Coast Region Socioeconomic Plan FY 2013 – FY 2014” and “national program priorities” on establishing the connection between sanctuary resource uses and local, regional and national economies. This report documents how economic impact estimates were made for the commercial fisheries in all four California National Marine Sanctuaries (NMS); Cordell Bank, Channel Islands, Gulf of the Farallones, and Monterey Bay

'The one great pastime of the people' : rugby, religion, and the making of working-class culture on the industrial frontier : Cape Breton & South Wales, 1850-1914

145 leaves ; : ill. ; 29 cm.Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-145).The frontier in history has often been used to describe a geographic boundary or as a synonym for the Wild West. However, in those industrial regions of the Anglo-Celtic Atlantic World the frontier played a very different role. The coal mining regions of Cape Breton and South Wales exhibit remarkably similar development in the second half of the nineteenth century. Immigration, the centrality of religion, temperance, labour activism, and rugby football all play a fundamental role in the emergence of a distinct coalfield society. Mining transformed Cape Breton and South Wales and, during the reign of King Coal, the two peripheries occupied centre stage in an imperial economy. Britannia's Children, in far flung corners of the world, took with them memories of home and used those to begin again, to play once more the one great pastime of the people: survival

What Will Parents Pay for Hands-on Ocean Conservation and Stewardship Education?

Supported by the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation, the Ocean Guardian School (OGS) program is a federally funded grant program coordinated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. OGS supports the educational goals of national marine sanctuaries (NMS) by funding hands-on ocean conservation and stewardship programs in both public and private schools. Schools apply for grants (up to $4,000) to implement school- or community-based conservation projects to educate students, while contributing to the health and protection of local watersheds and the world’s ocean. This study is the first to estimate the value that parents have for their child’s participation in an ocean conservation and stewardship program. Using a contingent choice survey, changes to student behaviour, parents’ support for the OGS program and the non-market economic value to parents of the six program attributes are estimated

A comparative analysis of the stability of homogeneous and non- homogeneous soil slopes subject to various surcharge loading conditions

Slope stability is a topic of great importance within the scope of civil engineering, this study investigates the differences between homogeneous and non-homogenous soil slopes when various surcharge loading conditions are applied. To analyze slope stability the finite element method is used, this method uses the shear strength reduction method. This method gradually reduces the cohesion and friction angle of the soil until failure occurs in the model. Typically, the limit equilibrium method is used by civil engineers, which splits the model into slices to identify the failure mechanisms and the factor of safety. However, as the software improves, and the accuracy of analysis increases, finite element analysis will become the more commonly used method [1, 2]. In this study 6 different models are used in the analysis, three homogenous soil slopes and three nonhomogeneous soil slopes to aid in the analysis, the soil properties were obtained from [3]. Each model was subject to surcharge loading, which was incrementally increased until failure occurred, recording the factor of safety at each point. The results gathered suggest that point loads caused failure in models to occur much quicker than surcharge loading from a uniformly distributed load, however, the failure area is much smaller. The comparison of homogenous and non-homogenous soil slopes shows that stability is dependent on three key properties including cohesion, unit weight, and friction angle, with the properties of the soil slope influencing the maximum surcharge loading that can be applied to a model. The results indicate that homogenous soils can withstand higher surcharge loading conditions compared to that of nonhomogeneous soil slopes, except for homogenous models consisting of silty sand