Putting 'M' back in Monetary Policy

Money demand and the stock of money have all but disappeared from monetary policy analyses. This paper is an empirical contribution to the debate over the role of money in monetary policy analysis. The paper models supply and demand interactions in the money market and finds evidence of an essential role for money in the transmission of policy. Across sub-samples, it finds evidence consistent with the following inferences: (1) the money stock and the interest rate jointly transmit monetary policy; (2) for a given exogenous change in the nominal interest rate, the estimated impact of policy on economic activity increases monotonically with the response of the money supply; (3) the path of the real rate is not sufficient for determining policy impacts.

Asymmetric radiating brane-world

At high energies on a cosmological brane of Randall-Sundrum type, particle interactions can produce gravitons that are emitted into the bulk and that can feed a bulk black hole. We generalize previous investigations of such radiating brane-worlds by allowing for a breaking of Z_2-symmetry, via different bulk cosmological constants and different initial black hole masses on either side of the brane. One of the notable features of asymmetry is a suppression of the asymptotic level of dark radiation, which means that nucleosynthesis constraints are easier to satisfy. There are also models where the radiation escapes to infinity on one or both sides, rather than falling into a black hole, but these models can have negative energy density on the brane.Comment: sign error in eq. (34) corrected; version to appear Phys. Rev.

Control of Glycolytic Flux by AMPK and p53-mediated Signaling Pathways in Tumor Cells Grown at Low pH

Introduction: Tumor cells grow in nutrient and oxygen deprived microenvironments and adapt to the suboptimal growth conditions by altering metabolic pathways. This adaptation process characteristically results in a tumor phenotype that displays upregulated Hif-1α anaerobic glycolysis, chronic acidification, reduced rate of overall protein synthesis, lower rate of cell proliferation and aggressive invasive characteristics. Most transplantable tumors exhibit a pHe of 6.7- 7.0; the DB-1 melanoma xenografts used here have a pHe=6.7. Understanding tumor cell reaction to the microenvironment is a critical factor in predicting the tumor response to radiotherapy. The glucose regulatory molecule, 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6- Biphosphatase Isoform-3 (PFKFB3), is a bifunctional enzyme central to glycolytic flux and downstream of the metabolic stress sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which we show activates an isoform of phosphofructokinase (PFK-2). Radiation Research Society (RRS) 8th Annual Meeting September 25-29, Maui, H

Control of Glycolytic Flux by AMPK and p53-Mediated Signaling Pathways in Tumor Cells Adapted to Grow at Low pH

Introduction: Tumor cells grow in nutrient and oxygen deprived microenvironments and adapt to the suboptimal growth conditions by altering metabolic pathways. This adaptation process characteristically results in a tumor phenotype that displays anaerobic glycolysis, chronic acidification and aggressive tumor characteristics. Understanding the tumor cell reaction to the microenvironment is a critical factor in predicting the tumor response to hyperthermia. The glucose regulatory molecule, 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Biphosphatase Isoform-3 (PFKFB3), is a bifunctional enzyme central to glycolytic flux and downstream of the metabolic stress sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which has been shown to activate an isoform of Phosphofructokinase (PFK-2). Society for Thermal Medicine Annual Meeting April 23-26, Clearwater Beach, FL

Issues of Persistence for Nine Seminole Nation of Oklahoma Students in an Oklahoma Public Higher Education Institution

Educational Administratio

Evaluation of Asperger Syndrome in Youth Presenting to a Gender Dysphoria Clinic

Purpose: There is evolving evidence that children and adolescents with gender dysphoria have higher-than-expected rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet clinical data on ASD among youth with gender dysphoria remain limited, particularly in North America. This report aims to fill this gap. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patient chart data from 39 consecutive youth ages 8 to 20 years (mean age 15.8 years, natal male: n?=?22, natal female: n?=?17) presenting for evaluation at a multidisciplinary gender clinic in a large U.S. pediatric hospital from 2007 to 2011 to evaluate the prevalence of ASD in this patient population. Results: Overall, 23.1% of patients (9/39) presenting with gender dysphoria had possible, likely, or very likely Asperger syndrome as measured by the Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale (ASDS). Conclusion: These findings are consistent with growing evidence supporting increased prevalence of ASD in gender dysphoric children. To guide provision of optimal clinical care and therapeutic intervention, routine assessment of ASD is recommended in youth presenting for gender dysphoria.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140161/1/lgbt.2015.0070.pd

The GUCY2C Tumor Suppressor is the Nexus of a Paracrine Hormone Axis Preventing Radiotherapy-Induced Gastrointestinal (GI) Toxicity

Purpose/Objective: Radiation-induced GI toxicity is the primary dose limitation compromising therapy in cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. GUCY2C is the intestinal receptor for diarrheagenic bacterial enterotoxins and the endogenous paracrine hormones guanylin and uroguanylin. Following genomic insult, cyclic (c)GMP produced by ligand activation of GUCY2C enhances DNA damage sensing and repair in intestinal cells. Here, we show that the GUCY2C-cGMP axis mediates p53-dependent radioprotection of intestinal epithelial cells. American Society for Therapeutic Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) 52nd Annual Meeting October 31 - November 4, San Diego, C

Revision in the first steps of the biosynthesis of the red antibiotic prodigiosin: use of a synthetic thioester to validate a new intermediate.

Funder: Frances and Augustus Newman FoundationFunder: Emmanuel College, University of CambridgeFunder: Cambridge Commonwealth TrustA biosynthetic pathway for the red-antibiotic, prodigiosin, was proposed over a decade ago but not all the suggested intermediates could be detected experimentally. Here we show that a thioester that was not originally included in the pathway is an intermediate. In addition, the enzyme PigE was originally described as a transaminase but we present evidence that it also catalyses the reduction of the thioester intermediate to its aldehyde substrate

Long-term culture of human breast cancer specimens and their analysis using optical projection tomography

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality in the Western world. It is well established that the spread of breast cancer, first locally and later distally, is a major factor in patient prognosis. Experimental systems of breast cancer rely on cell lines usually derived from primary tumours or pleural effusions. Two major obstacles hinder this research: (i) some known sub-types of breast cancers (notably poor prognosis luminal B tumours) are not represented within current line collections; (ii) the influence of the tumour microenvironment is not usually taken into account. We demonstrate a technique to culture primary breast cancer specimens of all sub-types. This is achieved by using three-dimensional (3D) culture system in which small pieces of tumour are embedded in soft rat collagen I cushions. Within 2-3 weeks, the tumour cells spread into the collagen and form various structures similar to those observed in human tumours1. Viable adipocytes, epithelial cells and fibroblasts within the original core were evident on histology. Malignant epithelial cells with squamoid morphology were demonstrated invading into the surrounding collagen. Nuclear pleomorphism was evident within these cells, along with mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies. We have employed Optical Projection Tomography (OPT), a 3D imaging technology, in order to quantify the extent of tumour spread in culture. We have used OPT to measure the bulk volume of the tumour culture, a parameter routinely measured during the neo-adjuvant treatment of breast cancer patients to assess response to drug therapy. Here, we present an opportunity to culture human breast tumours without sub-type bias and quantify the spread of those ex vivo. This method could be used in the future to quantify drug sensitivity in original tumour. This may provide a more predictive model than currently used cell lines.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

President Trump’s inaugural address: USAPP experts react

On Friday January 20th, 2017, Donald J. Trump was sworn in as the 45th President of the United States. We asked USAPP’s expert contributors to give their rapid reaction to President Trump’s inaugural address