22,960 research outputs found
Flexible generalized varying coefficient regression models
This paper studies a very flexible model that can be used widely to analyze
the relation between a response and multiple covariates. The model is
nonparametric, yet renders easy interpretation for the effects of the
covariates. The model accommodates both continuous and discrete random
variables for the response and covariates. It is quite flexible to cover the
generalized varying coefficient models and the generalized additive models as
special cases. Under a weak condition we give a general theorem that the
problem of estimating the multivariate mean function is equivalent to that of
estimating its univariate component functions. We discuss implications of the
theorem for sieve and penalized least squares estimators, and then investigate
the outcomes in full details for a kernel-type estimator. The kernel estimator
is given as a solution of a system of nonlinear integral equations. We provide
an iterative algorithm to solve the system of equations and discuss the
theoretical properties of the estimator and the algorithm. Finally, we give
simulation results.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOS1026 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Dipole-Allowed Direct Band Gap Silicon Superlattices
Silicon is the most popular material used in electronic devices. However, its
poor optical properties owing to its indirect band gap nature limit its usage
in optoelectronic devices. Here we present the discovery of super-stable
pure-silicon superlattice structures that can serve as promising materials for
solar cell applications and can lead to the realization of pure Si-based
optoelectronic devices. The structures are almost identical to that of bulk Si
except that defective layers are intercalated in the diamond lattice. The
superlattices exhibit dipole-allowed direct band gaps as well as indirect band
gaps, providing ideal conditions for the investigation of a direct-to-indirect
band gap transition. The transition can be understood in terms of a novel
conduction band originating from defective layers, an overlap between the
valence- and conduction-band edge states at the interface layers, and zone
folding with quantum confinement effects on the conduction band of
non-defective bulk-like Si. The fact that almost all structural portions of the
superlattices originate from bulk Si warrants their stability and good lattice
matching with bulk Si. Through first-principles molecular dynamics simulations,
we confirmed their thermal stability and propose a possible method to
synthesize the defective layer through wafer bonding
Tie-respecting bootstrap methods for estimating distributions of sets and functions of eigenvalues
Bootstrap methods are widely used for distribution estimation, although in
some problems they are applicable only with difficulty. A case in point is that
of estimating the distributions of eigenvalue estimators, or of functions of
those estimators, when one or more of the true eigenvalues are tied. The
-out-of- bootstrap can be used to deal with problems of this general
type, but it is very sensitive to the choice of . In this paper we propose a
new approach, where a tie diagnostic is used to determine the locations of
ties, and parameter estimates are adjusted accordingly. Our tie diagnostic is
governed by a probability level, , which in principle is an analogue of
in the -out-of- bootstrap. However, the tie-respecting bootstrap
(TRB) is remarkably robust against the choice of . This makes the TRB
significantly more attractive than the -out-of- bootstrap, where the
value of has substantial influence on the final result. The TRB can be used
very generally; for example, to test hypotheses about, or construct confidence
regions for, the proportion of variability explained by a set of principal
components. It is suitable for both finite-dimensional data and functional
data.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/08-BEJ154 the Bernoulli
(http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical
Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm
Single spin- and chiral-glass transition in vector spin glasses in three-dimensions
Results of Monte Carlo simulations of XY and Heisenberg spin glass models in
three dimensions are presented. A finite size scaling analysis of the
correlation length of the spins and chiralities of both models shows that there
is a single, finite-temperature transition at which both spins and chiralities
order.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Replaced by published versio
Structural and Correlation Effects in the Itinerant Insulating Antiferromagnetic Perovskite NaOsO3
The orthorhombic perovskite NaOsO3 undergoes a continuous metal-insulator
transition (MIT), accompanied by antiferromagnetic (AFM) order at T_N=410 K,
suggested to be an example of the rare Slater (itinerant) MIT. We study this
system using ab initio and related methods, focusing on the origin and nature
of magnetic ordering and the MIT. The rotation and tilting of OsO6 octahedra in
the GdFeO3 structure result in moderate narrowing the band width of the t_{2g}
manifold, but sufficient to induce flattening of bands and AFM order within the
local spin density approximation (LSDA), where it remains metallic but with a
deep pseudogap. Including on-site Coulomb repulsion U, at U_c ~2 eV a MIT
occurs only in the AFM state. Effects of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on the band
structure seem minor as expected for a half-filled shell, but SOC
doubles the critical value U_c necessary to open a gap and also leads to large
magnetocrystalline energy differences in spite of normal orbital moments no
greater than 0.1. Our results are consistent with a Slater MIT driven by
magnetic order, induced by a combination of structurally-induced band narrowing
and moderate Coulomb repulsion, with SOC necessary for a full picture. Strong
p-d hybridization reduces the moment, and when bootstrapped by the reduced
Hund's rule coupling (proportional to the moment) gives a calculated moment of
~1 , consistent with the observed moment and only a third of the formal
value. We raise and discuss one important question: since this AFM
ordering is at q=0 (in the 20 atom cell) where nesting is a moot issue, what is
the microscopic driving force for ordering and the accompanying MIT?Comment: 9 page
Propagating waves in an extremal black string
We investigate the black string in the context of the string theories. It is
shown that the graviton is the only propagating mode in the (2+1)--dimensional
extremal black string background. Both the dilation and axion turn out to be
non-propagating modes.Comment: Minor corrections, 11 pages in ReVTeX, no figure
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